240 results found
Article
Lumbar spine (lateral view)
The lumbar spine lateral view images the lumbar spine which generally consists of five vertebrae (see: lumbosacral transitional vertebra).
Indications
This projection shows an orthogonal view of the AP/PA view and is utilized in many imaging contexts including trauma, postoperatively, and for ...
Article
Smith-Magenis syndrome
Smith-Magenis Syndrome (SMS) is a rare genetic syndrome which results from an interstitial deletion in chromosome 17p11.2.
Terminology
The condition is known by several other names which are all similar variants related to its underlying karyotype: 17p deletion syndrome, 17p11.2 monosomy, chro...
Article
Thalassemia
Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy that originated in the Mediterranean region. The genetic defect causes a reduction in the rate of globin chain synthesis which causes the formation of abnormal hemoglobin molecules. The resultant microcytic anemia is the characteristic prese...
Article
Fetal warfarin syndrome
Fetal warfarin syndrome (FWS) is a rare condition which can occur as a result of fetal exposure to maternal ingestion of warfarin during pregnancy.
Clinical presentation
Reported clinical features include:
facial anomalies
nasal bone hypoplasia
nasal bridge depression
skeletal anomalies
s...
Article
Caffey disease
Caffey disease or infantile cortical hyperostosis is a largely self-limiting disorder which affects infants. It causes bone changes, soft-tissue swelling, and irritability.
It is distinct from physiological periostitis which can be seen involving the diaphyses of the tibiae, humeri, and femora ...
Article
Mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall
A mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall is a very rare benign chest wall tumor. It is sometimes classified as a non-neoplastic developmental anomaly rather than a tumor.
Epidemiology
They typically present in neonates or infants 1-3.
Clinical presentation
Many present with a chest wall mas...
Article
Prader-Willi syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder. It is the most common cause of obesity caused by a genetic syndrome.
Clinical presentation
Prader-Willi syndrome is primarily characterized by:
neonatal hypotonia
sexual infancy: hypogonadism
obesity
morbid obesity resulting from hyperphagi...
Article
General radiography curriculum
The general radiography section covers in detail the various clinical presentations that require specific plain radiographic investigation, the anatomy covered, and how it is displayed via the chosen view. It outlines standard and modified radiographic technique to accommodate for a wide range o...
Article
Restrictive lung disease
Restrictive lung disease (or a restrictive ventilatory defect) is a physiological spirometric term given to a heterogeneous group of conditions that result in restricted lung expansion. It is not equal to but can be related to pulmonary fibrosis as extrapulmonary e.g. thoracic wall conditions ca...
Article
Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome
Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome is a very rare congenital disorder that is characterized by a triad of venous malformations, cutaneous capillary malformations, and limb overgrowth. It is considered an angio-osteo-hypertrophic syndrome.
Terminology
The name Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber syndrome is mislea...
Article
Lumbar spine radiograph (checklist)
The lumbar spine checklist is just one of the many pathology checklists that can be used when reporting to ensure that you always actively exclude pathology that is commonly missed; this is particularly helpful in the examination setting, e.g. the FRCR 2B rapid-reporting.
Radiograph
The lumbar...
Article
Thoracic spine radiograph (checklist)
The thoracic spine checklist is just one of the many pathology checklists that can be used when reporting to ensure that you always actively exclude pathology that is commonly missed; this is particularly helpful in the examination setting, e.g. the FRCR 2B rapid-reporting.
Radiograph
These ra...
Article
Cerebral manifestations of mucopolysaccharidoses
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs), which constitute a hereditary subgroup of the lysosomal storage disorders, have distinctive cerebral manifestations.
The mucopolysaccharidoses are characterized by excessive accumulation of mucopolysaccharides secondary to deficiencies in specific enzymes (lyso...
Article
Fanconi anemia
Fanconi anemia is a rare disorder characterized by progressive bone marrow failure, various congenital abnormalities, and predisposition to malignancies (often acute myeloid leukemia). Bone marrow failure usually results in decreased production of all blood cells. It is considered the commonest ...
Article
Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome
Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome (BOS), also known as disseminated dermatofibrosis lenticularis 2, comprises osteopoikilosis associated with disseminated connective tissue and cutaneous yellowish nevi, predominantly on the extremities and trunk 1. Genetic work has linked this syndrome to both isolate...
Article
Parastremmatic dysplasia
Parastremmatic dysplasia is a rare skeletal dysplasia that is characterized by shortening of the trunk, joint contractures, limb deformities, a short stiff neck, malformation of the pelvis, kyphosis of thoracic spine and urinary incontinence.
Pathology
Parastremmatic dysplasia belongs to a gro...
Article
Coronal balance
Coronal balance is one of the features that needs to be assessed on long spine radiographs obtained for spinal deformity, particularly scoliosis. It measures whether or not the upper spine is located over the midline (normal) or off to one side.
Measurement
To assess coronal balance, a vertic...
Article
Lordosis
Lordosis (plural: lordoses) is the term used to refer to the normal anterior curvature of the cervical and lumbar spines when viewed from the side (concavity at the posterior aspect of the spine (cf kyphosis). Lordosis cervicis and lordosis lumbalis are the respective Terminologia Anatomica term...
Article
Chiari 1.5 malformation
Chiari 1.5 malformation, or bulbar variant of Chiari I malformation, is a term used in the literature to describe the combination of cerebellar tonsillar herniation (as seen in Chiari I malformation) along with caudal herniation of some portion of the brainstem (often obex of the medulla oblonga...
Article
Technetium 99m-methyl diphosphonate
Technetium 99m-methyl diphosphonate (99mTc MDP) is a radiotracer used in nuclear medicine especially for bone scintigraphy. Any disease process which results in extracellular fluid expansion will lead to accumulation of this tracer.
Radionuclide profile
photon energy: 140 keV
physical half-li...
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