Search results for “also”
832 results found
Article
Hiccups
Hiccups (or hiccoughs), medical term singultus (rare plural: singultūs), are an unpleasant phenomenon, experienced by everyone on occasion, and usually self-limiting. However the much rarer intractable chronic form can be extremely debilitating.
Epidemiology
Hiccups are a symptom that has prob...
Article
COL4A1 brain small-vessel disease
COL4A1 brain small-vessel disease is an autosomal dominant monogenic COL4A1-related disorder that primarily causes cerebral small vessel disease.
Epidemiology
The exact prevalence is unknown, but the condition is likely under-diagnosed.
Clinical presentation
The clinical presentation is vari...
Article
Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis
Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis (KLA) is a rare lymphatic anomaly associated with a poor prognosis. Disease hallmarks include multifocal, intra- and extra-thoracic lymphatic malformations, thrombocytopenia and consumptive coagulopathy.
Epidemiology
The exact prevalence and incidence of kaposiform...
Article
Ureterocele
Ureteroceles represent abnormal congenital dilatation of the distal-most portion of the ureter. The dilated portion of the ureter may herniate into the bladder secondary to the abnormal structure of vesicoureteric junction (VUJ).
Epidemiology
A ureterocele occurs in about 1 in 5000 to 1 in 120...
Article
Anoxic brain injury
Anoxic brain injury, also known as global hypoxic-ischemic injury, is seen in all age groups (from antenatal to the elderly) as a result of numerous etiologies. The pattern of injury depends on a number of factors including:
age of the patient (brain maturity)
neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encepha...
Article
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are benign expansile osteoclastic giant cell-rich bony neoplasms, composed of numerous blood-filled channels and cystic spaces 1.
ABC accounts for the 'A' in the popular mnemonic for lucent bone lesions FEGNOMASHIC.
Terminology
The terms 'giant cell reparative gran...
Article
Tracheal buckling
Tracheal buckling is a normal finding in young infants when the trachea is more flexible. There is typically deviation of the trachea anteriorly and to the right (up to 90°). Normal deviation to the left is observed only when aortic arch is located to the right of the trachea 4. Any other config...
Article
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Congenital diaphragmatic herniation (CDH) accounts for a small proportion of all diaphragmatic herniae. However, it is one of the most common non-cardiac fetal intrathoracic anomalies.
Epidemiology
Congenital diaphragmatic hernias are seen in 1 of every 2000-4000 live births. 84% are left-side...
Article
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a cyanotic congenital cardiac anomaly where affected individuals can have profound cyanosis and cardiac failure.
It is one of the most common causes for a neonate to present with congestive cardiac failure and the 4th most frequent cardiac anomaly to ma...
Article
Ewing sarcoma
Ewing sarcomas are the second most common malignant primary bone tumors of childhood after osteosarcoma, typically arising from the medullary cavity with the invasion of the Haversian system. Ewing sarcomas usually present as moth-eaten, destructive, and permeative lucent lesions in the shaft of...
Article
Brachydactyly type A1 (Farabee type)
Brachydactyly type A1, also known as Farabee type brachydactyly, is a subtype of brachydactyly.
Clinical presentation
The anomaly is characterized by hypoplasia or aplasia of middle phalanges of the second to fifth digits in hands and feet and proximal phalanges of the thumbs and great toes...
Article
Langenskiold classification of Blount disease
The Langenskiold Classification of Blount disease uses age and severity of deformity as grading parameters 1.
Classification
Six stage radiographic classification of infantile tibia vara, which is based on changes observed as the child matured:
stage I: 2-3 years
irregularity of metaphyseal ...
Article
Osteoid osteoma
Osteoid osteomas are benign bone-forming tumors that typically occur in children (particularly adolescents). They have a characteristic lucent nidus <1.5 or 2 cm and surrounding osteosclerotic reaction, which classically causes night pain that is relieved by the use of NSAIDs.
Epidemiology
Ost...
Article
Köhler disease
Köhler disease is an eponymous term referring to childhood-onset osteonecrosis of the navicular in the foot. Müller-Weiss syndrome is the adult counterpart of navicular osteonecrosis 4,5.
Epidemiology
Köhler disease typically presents in the pediatric population (4-6 years of age) and there is...
Article
Rickets
Rickets, less commonly known as rachitis, refers to deficient mineralization of the growth plate in the pediatric population. In contrast, osteomalacia refers to deficient mineralization of the bone matrix, which co-occurs with rickets but can also occur even after growth plate closure, in adult...
Article
Pulmonary sequestration
Pulmonary sequestration, also called accessory lung, refers to the aberrant formation of segmental lung tissue that has no connection with the bronchial tree or pulmonary arteries. It is a bronchopulmonary foregut malformation (BPFM).
There are two types:
intralobar sequestration (ILS)
extral...
Article
Macroglossia
Macroglossia means an enlarged tongue. It may be absolute (greater than the 95th centile) or relative (enlarged compared with oral cavity).
Pathology
Associations
Recognized associations include:
chromosomal anomalies
Down syndrome
tends to be a relative macroglossia
may also have intermi...
Article
Choledochal cyst - type I
Type I choledochal cysts appear as a fusiform or cystic dilatation of the extrahepatic biliary system (common bile duct +/- common hepatic duct).
Epidemiology
Although uncommon in Western countries (1:100,000 to 1:150,000), they are the most common type of biliary cyst. Their prevalence may be...
Article
Acromial apophysiolysis
Acromial apohysiolysis is a finding on shoulder MRI that may be encountered in patients with an unfused acromial apophysis. It is associated with athletes in throwing sports.
Clinical presentation
Presents with superior shoulder tenderness in a patient <25 years old, often in a young throwing ...
Article
Neurofibroma
Neurofibromas are benign (WHO grade 1) peripheral nerve sheath tumors that are usually solitary and sporadic. There is, however, a strong association with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), particularly for the plexiform subtype.
Neurofibromas are generally divided into five morphological forms 1...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.