146 results
Article
Transitional cell carcinoma (urinary bladder)
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), also called urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) of the bladder, is the most common primary neoplasm of the urinary bladder, and bladder TCC is the most common tumor of the entire urinary system.
This article concerns itself with transitional cell carcinomas of the...
Article
Lipoma
Lipomas are benign tumors composed of mature adipocytes. They are the most common soft tissue tumor, seen in ~2% of the population.
Epidemiology
Patients typically present in adulthood (5th-7th decades).
Associations
In some cases, multiple lipomas are associated with syndromes and other di...
Article
Fetal biophysical profile
Fetal biophysical profile score (BPS or BPP) refers to the assessment of four discrete biophysical variables by ultrasound. It is a standard tool in antepartum fetal assessment. It is usually assessed after 28 weeks of gestation.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
The ultrasound variables are:
...
Article
MIBG
MIBG scan is a scintigraphic study that uses metaiodobenzylguanidine, norepinephrine analog 9, labeled to iodine-123 or iodine-131. It is indicated in the investigation of pheochromocytoma. I-131 MIBG, also called I-131 iobenguane, is a theranostic agent used to treat unresectable MIBG-positive ...
Article
Final FRCR Part B viva
The Final FRCR Part B viva (colloquially known as the Part 2B viva) is one of the three components of the part B of the Final FRCR examination. Part B is the final of three parts. Passing the FRCR exam is required by the Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) to complete training in clinical radiol...
Article
Case publishing guidelines
Case publishing guidelines are here to help get an idea of the minimum set of expectations that we, as an editorial board, think are acceptable when uploading a case.
A great way to get to grips with the process of uploading cases is to check out our Creating Cases Learning Pathway.
As Radio...
Article
Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors
Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI NETs) are neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the GI tract and can be functional or non-functional:
functional NETs can be challenging to localize as:
they are often small in size at the time of diagnosis
arise in many sites throughout the body
non-fun...
Article
Intussusception
Intussusception occurs when one segment of the bowel is pulled into itself or a neighboring loop of the bowel by peristalsis. It is an important cause of an acute abdomen in children and merits timely ultrasound examination and reduction to preclude significant sequelae, including bowel necrosis...
Article
Endometritis
Endometritis refers to inflammation or infection involving the endometrium. Endometritis can be acute or chronic and may arise in an obstetric setting, such as following delivery or miscarriage, or in a non-obstetric setting due to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or endometrial instrumentation...
Article
Reviewing edits
Reviewing edits on Radiopaedia is paramount to ensuring that our content is relevant and of high quality.
This page is mostly useful for editors of the site but may be helpful for general users to gain an insight into what happens behind the scenes at Radiopaedia.
Edits
Whenever an edit is ma...
Article
Stroke
A stroke is a clinical diagnosis that refers to a sudden onset focal neurological deficit of presumed vascular origin.
Stroke is generally divided into two broad categories 1,2:
ischemic stroke (87%)
hemorrhagic stroke (13%)
Terminology
The term "stroke" is ambiguous and care must be taken ...
Article
Congenital portosystemic shunt
Congenital portosystemic shunts are rare, extrahepatic or intrahepatic, anatomical abnormalities shunting blood from the portal venous system to the systemic venous system and, thus, avoiding passage through the hepatic acinus.
Terminology
The term “portosystemic shunt” can be used to refer t...
Article
Dural venous sinus thrombosis
Dural venous sinus thrombosis is a subset of cerebral venous thrombosis, often coexisting with cortical or deep vein thrombosis, and presenting in similar fashions, depending mainly on which sinus is involved.
As such, please refer to the cerebral venous thrombosis article for a general discuss...
Article
Carotid artery pseudoaneurysm
Carotid artery pseudoaneurysms can refer to pseudoaneurysms involving any segment of the carotid arteries.
Pathology
As with pseudoaneurysms elsewhere, these lack all three layers of the arterial wall (intima, media and adventitia).
Pseudoaneurysm development can occur within hours to several...
Article
Empty delta sign (dural venous sinus thrombosis)
The empty delta sign is a CT sign of dural venous sinus thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus, where contrast outlines a triangular filling defect, which represents thrombus. It is only described in contrast-enhanced CT, not in unenhanced scans.
An equivalent appearance can be noted in the ...
Article
CT cerebral venography (protocol)
CT cerebral venography (also known as a CTV head or CT venogram) is a contrast-enhanced examination with an acquisition delay providing an accurate detailed depiction of the cerebral venous system.
NB: This article is intended to outline some general principles of protocol design. The specific...
Article
Total repair of tetralogy of Fallot
Total repair of tetralogy of Fallot is a corrective surgical procedure that involves closure of the ventricular septal defect (VSD) and relief of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction.
Procedure
Most patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) undergo elective surgical repair between ...
Article
Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome
Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (AINS), also known as Kiloh-Nevin syndrome, is one of three common median nerve entrapment syndromes, the other two being pronator teres syndrome and the far more common carpal tunnel syndrome.
Epidemiology
Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome is a rare ent...
Article
Pituitary metastasis
Pituitary metastases are rare, and unless a systemic metastatic disease is already apparent, are often preoperatively misdiagnosed as pituitary adenomas.
This article will discuss metastatic lesions affecting only the pituitary gland. For other intracranial metastatic locations, please refer t...
Article
Personal protective equipment
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a category of objects designed to shield an individual person who wears it from injury, infection and other hazards (e.g. ionizing radiation). Most hazardous occupations have specific personal protective equipment that workers use in specified ways to decre...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.