Items tagged “case1”
101 results found
Article
Anterior hip pain
Causes of anterior hip pain include:
osteoarthritis
synovitis including
synovial osteochondromatosis
inflammatory arthropathy (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis)
iliopsoas bursitis
ganglion cyst
synovial cyst
muscle tear
malignancy
tenosynovial giant ce...
Article
Delphian lymph node
The Delphian (prelaryngeal/precricoid) lymph node (often shortened to Delphian node) is one of the cervical lymph node groups that comprise level VI cervical lymph nodes and is not routinely excised in radical neck dissections.
Gross anatomy
The Delphian lymph node is located between the crico...
Article
Fatty nodal metaplasia
Fatty nodal metaplasia in the neck occurs as a result of chronic inflammation or radiotherapy 3. The normal fatty nodal hilum enlarges, such that the lymph node appears cystic. However, its center is of fatty density. There is no surrounding stranding, and the node otherwise looks normal.
Diffe...
Article
Piriformis syndrome
Piriformis syndrome is a rare entrapment neuropathy resulting in radicular pain radiating into the buttock and hamstrings. The entity is controversial as are the putative causes.
Clinical presentation
Sciatic pain reproduced on passive internal rotation/adduction of a flexed hip is considered ...
Article
Suzuki staging system for moyamoya disease
The staging system for moyamoya disease was first described by Suzuki and Takaku in their seminal 1969 article 1 and is still in use today. Formally, the staging refers to findings on conventional angiography, although there are efforts to apply similar systems to MR angiography 2.
Classificati...
Article
Cognard classification of dural arteriovenous fistulas
The Cognard classification of dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVF) correlates venous drainage patterns with increasingly aggressive neurological clinical course and stratifies the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. It was first described in 1995 1 and at the time of writing (July 2016) is probably...
Article
Tracheomalacia (differential)
A dilated trachea has numerous causes, and in almost all cases represents tracheomalacia (increased size and increased compliance).
As is almost always the case, various diameters have been used. Typical figures include >26 mm in men, >23 mm in women or >30 mm for both genders ref.
Although ma...
Article
Extensor hallucis longus muscle
Extensor hallucis longus is a thin muscle in the anterior compartment of the leg between tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus.
Summary
origin: anterior surface of the middle half of the fibula and the adjacent interosseous membrane
insertion: the dorsal side of the base of the dist...
Article
Parinaud syndrome
Parinaud syndrome, also known as dorsal midbrain syndrome, is a supranuclear vertical gaze disturbance caused by pathology of the dorsal midbrain region, often, but not exclusively, via compression of the superior tectal plate.
Clinical presentation
Parinaud syndrome is characterized by a clas...
Article
Tuberous sclerosis (diagnostic criteria)
The tuberous sclerosis diagnostic criteria have been developed to aid the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis and have been updated in 2012 by the International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Group (at time of writing - 2019) 1.
Diagnosis
Genetic criteria
The identification of either a TSC...
Article
MR arthrogram solution
MR arthrogram solution is a gadolinium-containing mixture injected into a joint for MR arthrography.
Terminology
Fluoroscopy, ultrasound or CT guidance can be used to cannulate a joint, which is then injected with the MR arthrogram solution. MR arthrogram solutions differ in different instit...
Article
Exudative retinitis
Exudative retinitis, also known as retinal telangiectasis or Coats disease, is a rare congenital disease affecting the eyes and is a cause of leukocoria.
Epidemiology
It occurs predominantly in young males, with the onset of symptoms generally appearing in the first decade of life with a peak ...
Article
Abnormally eccentric gestational sac
An eccentrically-located gestational sac towards the fundus of the uterus is the normal sonographic appearance, however, an abnormally eccentric gestational sac on ultrasound may be apparent due to a number of causes:
interstitial ectopic pregnancy 1
normally implanted pregnancy in a
bicornu...
Article
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas)
Perivascular epithelioid cells tumors (PEComas) are a group of related mesenchymal tumors and tumor-like conditions found in many locations. This group includes:
angiomyolipoma (AML)
clear cell "sugar" tumor of the lung
lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM)
clear cell myomelanocytic tumor (CCMMT)
...
Article
Siderotic synovitis
Siderotic synovitis is a condition that can occur with chronic haemarthroses.
Pathology
Siderotic synovitis is characterized by rusty synovial pigmentation and hyperplasia but with an absence of foam cells and multinucleated giant cells which are seen in tenosynovial giant cell tumors.
Risk f...
Article
Malakoplakia
Malakoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the body but most frequently involves the mucosal surface of the urinary bladder, causing one or more soft yellowish plaques.
Epidemiology
Risk factors include chronic disease and immunosuppression, s...
Article
Intravenous leiomyomatosis
Intravenous leiomyomatosis is characterized by the extension into venous channels of histologically benign smooth muscle tumor arising from either the wall of a vessel or from a uterine leiomyoma.
Terminology
Intravenous leiomyomatosis should not be confused with benign metastasizing leiomyoma...
Article
Acrocephalosyndactyly
Acrocephalosyndactyly syndromes (ACS) are a rare group of disorders collectively characterized by:
calvarial anomalies, e.g. craniosynostoses
digital anomalies, e.g. syndactyly
Pathology
While there can be some overlap in features, they can be primarily classified into the following major su...
Article
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is an extremely rare chromosomal anomaly characterized by partial deletion of the p arm of chromosome 4 (4p16.3).
Clinical presentation
There is a large clinical spectrum:
CNS
agenesis of the corpus callosum
hypertelorism
coloboma
seizures 4
craniofacial
c...
Article
Granular cell tumor of the breast
Granular cell tumors of the breast are uncommon, usually benign tumors that are possibly of neural origin.
Epidemiology
They tend to occur at a younger age than other types of breast cancer 4. The age range of presentation, however, can be very variable although they occur more commonly in pre...