Cavitating pulmonary metastases

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Cavitating pulmonary metastases refer to pulmonary metastases which then tend to cavitation. The term is similar but may not be identical to cystic pulmonary metastases in the wall of the former may be thicker.

Epidemiology

Cavitation is thought to occur in around 4% of lung metastases ².

Pathology

~~Cavitatory~~Cavitary pulmonary metastases are ~~typically~~most commonly (70%) caused by squamous cell ~~neoplasms~~ carcinoma, which may of the lung or head and neck^1,4,6.

~~Other rare reported situation~~ Other primaries are varied and include:

gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas ⁶

transitional cell carcinoma of bladder ³
~~adenocarcinomas~~
sarcomas ⁴

cervical cancer⁷

Cavitating pulmonary metastases have also been reported to develop after chemotherapy, thought to be secondary to tumour necrosis or a valve-effect on an adjacent bronchi ^4,5.

Complications

One particular complication that can occur includes formation of a pneumothorax or a haemopneumothorax.

Differential diagnosis

For multiple cavitating lung lesions (nodules or masses) on imaging consider

septic pulmonary emboli
granulomatosis with polyangitis - (Wegener's granulomatosis)
necrobiotic lung nodules - : rare
pulmonary tuberculosis ~~- upper~~: upper lobe predominant consolidative region with cavitation

~~See also~~

~~CAVITY~~

-<p><strong>Cavitating pulmonary metastases</strong> refer to <a href="/articles/pulmonary-metastases">pulmonary metastases</a> which then tend to cavitation. The term is similar but may not be identical to <a href="/articles/cystic-pulmonary-metastases">cystic pulmonary metastases</a> in the wall of the former may be thicker.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Cavitation is thought to occur in around 4% of lung metastases <sup>2</sup>.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Cavitatory pulmonary metastases are typically caused by squamous cell neoplasms <sup>1,4</sup>. </p><p>Other rare reported situation include</p><ul>
+<p><strong>Cavitating pulmonary metastases</strong> refer to <a href="/articles/pulmonary-metastases">pulmonary metastases</a> which then tend to cavitation. The term is similar but may not be identical to <a href="/articles/cystic-pulmonary-metastases">cystic pulmonary metastases</a> in the wall of the former may be thicker.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Cavitation is thought to occur in around 4% of lung metastases <sup>2</sup>.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Cavitary pulmonary metastases are most commonly (70%) caused by squamous cell carcinoma, which may of the <a href="/articles/squamous-cell-carcinoma-of-the-lung">lung</a> or <a href="/articles/squamous-cell-carcinoma-of-the-head-and-neck">head and neck</a> <sup>1,4,6</sup>. Other primaries are varied and include:</p><ul>
+<li>gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas <sup>6</sup>
+</li>
~~-<li>adenocarcinomas</li>~~
-</ul><h4>Complications</h4><p>One particular complication that can occur includes formation of a <a href="/articles/pneumothorax">pneumothorax</a> or a <a href="/articles/haemopneumothorax">haemopneumothorax</a>.</p><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><p>For multiple cavitating lung lesions (nodules or masses) on imaging consider</p><ul>
~~-<li><a href="/articles/septic-pulmonary-emboli">septic pulmonary emboli</a></li>~~
~~-<a href="/articles/granulomatosis-with-polyangitis">granulomatosis with polyangitis</a> - <a href="/articles/granulomatosis-with-polyangitis">Wegener's granulomatosis</a>~~
+<a title="Cervical cancer" href="/articles/carcinoma-of-the-cervix">cervical cancer</a> <sup>7</sup>
+</ul><p>Cavitating pulmonary metastases have also been reported to develop after chemotherapy, thought to be secondary to tumour necrosis or a valve-effect on an adjacent bronchi <sup>4,5</sup>. </p><h4>Complications</h4><p>One particular complication that can occur includes formation of a <a href="/articles/pneumothorax">pneumothorax</a> or a <a href="/articles/haemopneumothorax">haemopneumothorax</a>.</p><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><p>For multiple cavitating lung lesions (nodules or masses) on imaging consider</p><ul>
+<li><a href="/articles/septic-pulmonary-emboli">septic pulmonary emboli</a></li>
+<li>
+<a href="/articles/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis">granulomatosis with polyangitis</a> (<a href="/articles/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis">Wegener's granulomatosis</a>)</li>
~~-<a href="/articles/necrobiotic-pulmonary-nodules">necrobiotic lung nodules</a> - rare</li>~~
+<a href="/articles/necrobiotic-pulmonary-nodules">necrobiotic lung nodules</a>: rare</li>
~~-<a href="/articles/pulmonary-manifestations-of-tuberculosis">pulmonary tuberculosis</a> - upper lobe predominant consolidative region with cavitation</li>~~
~~-</ul><h4>See also</h4><ul><li><a href="/articles/pulmonary-cavity-mnemonic">CAVITY</a></li></ul>~~
+<a href="/articles/tuberculosis-pulmonary-manifestations">pulmonary tuberculosis</a>: upper lobe predominant consolidative region with cavitation</li>
+</ul>

References changed:

5. Thalinger A, Rosenthal S, Borg S, Arseneau J. Cavitation of Pulmonary Metastases as a Response to Chemotherapy. Cancer. 1980;46(6):1329-32. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19800915)46:6<1329::aid-cncr2820460605>3.0.co;2-q">doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19800915)46:6<1329::aid-cncr2820460605>3.0.co;2-q</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7417932">Pubmed</a>
6. Chaudhuri MR. Cavitary pulmonary metastases. Thorax. 1970;25 (3): 375-81. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC472734">Free text at pubmed</a> - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5452295">Pubmed citation</a><span class="ref_v3"></span>
7. Martínez-Jiménez S, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Walker CM et-al. Imaging features of thoracic metastases from gynecologic neoplasms. Radiographics. 2014;34 (6): 1742-54. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.346140052">doi:10.1148/rg.346140052</a> - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25310428">Pubmed citation</a><span class="auto"></span>

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