F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose
Disclosures
- updated 17 Aug 2022:
Nothing to disclose
Updates to Article Attributes
Body
was changed:
F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is the most common PET radiotracer.
Structure
The radiopharmaceutical consists of the fluorine-18 radionuclide substituting the hydroxyl group at the C-2 position of glucose. The IUPAC chemical name is 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoroglucose.
Production
F-18 fluoride ion is created in a cyclotron and then converted via an automated chemistry module into F-18 FDG. Specifically, F-18 FDG is produced through a nucleophilic substitution reaction, using the F-18 fluoride by nuclear reaction 18O (p,n) 18F starting from water (H2O) enriched with oxygen-18.
Pharmacokinetics
physical half-life: 110 minutes
excretion: renal
Biodistribution
Physiologic activity is commonly seen in the following organs:
brain (especially in basal ganglia, posterior cingulate cortex and visual cortex) 1
heart (especially left ventricular myocardium)
liver (often used as an internal reference standard on whole body scans)
Other sites of physiologic uptake are variable or less intense:
skeletal muscle (in extremities after strenuous activity, in mouth and larynx after speech or chewing)
brown fat (especially in the neck and mediastinum)
gastrointestinal mucosa
-
hematopoietichaematopoietic/lymphoid tissue: Waldeyer ring, thymus, spleen, and bone marrow
lactating breasts
Clinical uses
-
brain
identification of foci associated with epileptic seizures
evaluation of suspected Alzheimer dementia
-
whole body
cancer staging and surveillance
evaluation of patients with fever of unknown origin
-
cardiac
identification of viable and
ischemicischaemic myocardium
See also
-<p><strong>F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose </strong><strong>(FDG)</strong> is the most common <a href="/articles/pet-radiotracers">PET radiotracer</a>.</p><h4>Structure</h4><p>The radiopharmaceutical consists of the <a href="/articles/fluorine-18">fluorine-18</a> radionuclide substituting the hydroxyl group at the C-2 position of glucose. The <a href="/articles/iupac">IUPAC</a> chemical name is 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoroglucose.</p><h4>Production</h4><p>F-18 fluoride ion is created in a cyclotron and then converted via an automated chemistry module into F-18 FDG. Specifically, F-18 FDG is produced through a nucleophilic substitution reaction, using the F-18 fluoride by nuclear reaction <sup>18</sup>O (p,n) <sup>18</sup>F starting from water (H<sub>2</sub>O) enriched with oxygen-18.</p><h4>Pharmacokinetics</h4><ul>-<li>physical half-life: 110 minutes</li>-<li>excretion: renal</li>- +<p><strong>F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)</strong> is the most common <a href="/articles/pet-radiotracers">PET radiotracer</a>.</p><h4>Structure</h4><p>The radiopharmaceutical consists of the <a href="/articles/fluorine-18">fluorine-18</a> radionuclide substituting the hydroxyl group at the C-2 position of glucose. The <a href="/articles/iupac">IUPAC</a> chemical name is 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoroglucose.</p><h4>Production</h4><p>F-18 fluoride ion is created in a cyclotron and then converted via an automated chemistry module into F-18 FDG. Specifically, F-18 FDG is produced through a nucleophilic substitution reaction, using the F-18 fluoride by nuclear reaction <sup>18</sup>O (p,n) <sup>18</sup>F starting from water (H<sub>2</sub>O) enriched with oxygen-18.</p><h4>Pharmacokinetics</h4><ul>
- +<li><p>physical half-life: 110 minutes</p></li>
- +<li><p>excretion: renal</p></li>
-<li><a href="/articles/brain">brain</a></li>-<li>-<a href="/articles/heart">heart</a> (especially left ventricular myocardium)</li>-<li>-<a href="/articles/kidneys">kidneys</a> and <a href="/articles/urinary-bladder">bladder</a> (due to urinary excretion)</li>-<li>-<a href="/articles/liver">liver</a> (often used as an internal reference standard on whole body scans)</li>- +<li><p><a href="/articles/brain">brain</a> (especially in basal ganglia, posterior cingulate cortex and visual cortex) <sup>1</sup></p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/heart">heart</a> (especially left ventricular myocardium)</p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/kidneys">kidneys</a> and <a href="/articles/urinary-bladder">bladder</a> (due to urinary excretion)</p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/liver">liver</a> (often used as an internal reference standard on whole body scans)</p></li>
-<li>-<a href="/articles/skeletal-muscle">skeletal muscle</a> (in extremities after strenuous activity, in mouth and larynx after speech or chewing)</li>-<li>-<a href="/articles/brown-adipose-tissue-1">brown fat</a> (especially in the neck and mediastinum)</li>-<li>-<a href="/articles/gastrointestinal-tract">gastrointestinal</a> mucosa</li>-<li>hematopoietic/lymphoid tissue: <a href="/articles/waldeyers-ring-1">Waldeyer ring</a>, <a href="/articles/thymus">thymus</a>, <a href="/articles/spleen-1">spleen</a>, and <a href="/articles/bone-marrow">bone marrow</a>-</li>-<li><a href="/articles/salivary-glands">salivary glands</a></li>-<li>lactating breasts</li>-<li><a title="Conus medullaris" href="/articles/conus-medullaris">conus medullaris</a></li>- +<li><p><a href="/articles/skeletal-muscle">skeletal muscle</a> (in extremities after strenuous activity, in mouth and larynx after speech or chewing)</p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/brown-adipose-tissue-1">brown fat</a> (especially in the neck and mediastinum)</p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/gastrointestinal-tract">gastrointestinal</a> mucosa</p></li>
- +<li><p>haematopoietic/lymphoid tissue: <a href="/articles/waldeyers-ring-1">Waldeyer ring</a>, <a href="/articles/thymus">thymus</a>, <a href="/articles/spleen-1">spleen</a>, and <a href="/articles/bone-marrow">bone marrow</a></p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/salivary-glands">salivary glands</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>lactating breasts</p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/conus-medullaris" title="Conus medullaris">conus medullaris</a></p></li>
-<li>brain<ul>-<li>identification of foci associated with <a href="/articles/epilepsy">epileptic seizures</a>-</li>-<li>evaluation of suspected <a href="/articles/alzheimer-disease-1">Alzheimer dementia</a>-</li>- +<li>
- +<p>brain</p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>identification of foci associated with <a href="/articles/epilepsy">epileptic seizures</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>evaluation of suspected <a href="/articles/alzheimer-disease-1">Alzheimer dementia</a></p></li>
-<li>whole body<ul>-<li>cancer staging and surveillance</li>-<li>evaluation of patients with <a href="/articles/pyrexia-of-unknown-origin">fever of unknown origin</a>-</li>- +<li>
- +<p>whole body</p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>cancer staging and surveillance</p></li>
- +<li><p>evaluation of patients with <a href="/articles/pyrexia-of-unknown-origin">fever of unknown origin</a></p></li>
-<li>cardiac<ul><li>identification of <a href="/articles/myocardial-perfusion-and-viability">viable and ischemic myocardium</a>-</li></ul>- +<li>
- +<p>cardiac</p>
- +<ul><li><p>identification of <a href="/articles/myocardial-perfusion-and-viability">viable and ischaemic myocardium</a></p></li></ul>
-</ul><h4>See also</h4><ul><li><a href="/articles/f-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-fdg-embolism">F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) embolism</a></li></ul>- +</ul><h4>See also</h4><ul><li><p><a href="/articles/f-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-fdg-embolism">F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) embolism</a></p></li></ul>
References changed:
- 1. Berti V, Mosconi L, Pupi A. Brain. PET Clinics. 2014;9(2):129-40. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpet.2013.10.006">doi:10.1016/j.cpet.2013.10.006</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24772054">Pubmed</a>
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