Facial bones (reverse Waters)
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
At the time the article was created Andrew Murphy had no recorded disclosures.
View Andrew Murphy's current disclosuresAt the time the article was last revised Tariq Walizai had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.
View Tariq Walizai's current disclosures- acanthioparietal projection
The reverse Waters view is a modified alternative to the Waters view. However, skull radiographs are rapidly becoming obsolete in general, being replaced by much more sensitive CT scans.
On this page:
Indications
acute sinusitis
Patient position
the patient is supine
the mid-sagittal plane is perpendicular to the image receptor
Technical factors
acanthioparietal projection
-
centering point
acanthion
central beam angled 30° cephalad to be running parallel to the mentomeatal line
-
collimation
superior to the skin margins
inferior to include the most inferior aspects of the skull
lateral to include the skin margin
-
orientation
portrait
-
detector size
24 cm x 30 cm
-
exposure
75-80 kVp
20-25 mAs
-
SID
100 cm
-
grid
yes (this can vary departmentally)
Image technical evaluation
orbits are magnified
petrous ridges are projected below the maxillary sinus
Practical points
learn your skull positioning lines, it makes for reading position guides a lot easier
this projection results in distorted anatomy and should hence only be used on patients unable to stand up
References
- 1. Jr RBJ, FACR BJMMDP, Osborn AG et-al. Diagnostic Imaging: Emergency: Published by Amirsys. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN:1931884765. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
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