Orchitis

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Orchitis is an infection of the testicle, which is rarely isolated, and when in conjunction with the epididymis is called epididymo-orchitis.

Pathology

Usually bacteria retrogradely seed into the testis from the bladder or prostate. Can also be secondary to viral infection (e.g. mumps, Coxsackie virus).

Associations

almost all cases are associated with epididymitis
isolated orchitis can be seen in mumps and syphilis

Radiographic features

Ultrasound

Ultrasound is the gold standard investigation. When compared with the other testis in the 'sunglasses view' features of orchitis include relative:

hypoechogenicity: focal or diffuse
hypervascularity: focal or diffuse
swelling
scrotal wall thickening

A complex/septated hydrocoele can be seen in the ipsilateral scrotum.

Differential diagnosis

ultrasound findings are very similar to a detorted testes; clinical differentiation is essential
primary testicular malignancy should be considered, especially with focal changes

-<p><strong>Orchitis</strong> is an infection of the <a href="/articles/testes">testicle</a>, which is rarely isolated, and when in conjunction with the <a href="/articles/epididymis">epididymis</a> is called <a href="/articles/epididymitis">epididymo-orchitis</a>.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Usually bacteria retrogradely seed into the testis from the <a href="/articles/urinary-bladder">bladder</a> or <a href="/articles/prostate">prostate</a>. Can also be secondary to viral infection (e.g. mumps, Coxsackie virus). </p><h5>Associations</h5><ul>
+<p><strong>Orchitis</strong> is an infection of the <a href="/articles/testes">testicle</a>, which is rarely isolated, and when in conjunction with the <a href="/articles/epididymis">epididymis</a> is called <a href="/articles/epididymitis">epididymo-orchitis</a>.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Usually bacteria retrogradely seed into the testis from the <a href="/articles/urinary-bladder">bladder</a> or <a href="/articles/prostate">prostate</a>. Can also be secondary to viral infection (e.g. <a title="Mumps" href="/articles/mumps">mumps</a>, Coxsackie virus). </p><h5>Associations</h5><ul>

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