Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,880 results found
Article
Neurofibromatosis type 1
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is a multisystem neurocutaneous disorder, the most common phakomatosis, and a RASopathy. Additionally, it is also one of the most common inherited CNS disorders, autosomal dominant disorders, and inherited tumor syndromes....
Article
Hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic stroke
Hemorrhagic transformation is a complication of cerebral ischemic stroke and can significantly worsen prognosis.
Terminology
The term hemorrhagic transformation is somewhat variably used and collectively refers to two different processes, which have different incidence, appearance and prognost...
Article
CT angiographic spot sign (intracerebral hemorrhage)
The spot sign is a CTA sign in acute intracerebral hemorrhage representing the focal accumulation/pooling/extravasation of contrast containing blood within the hematoma. It is an important feature to identify during the evaluation of acute intracerebral hemorrhage as it significantly increases t...
Article
Calcaneal apophysitis
Calcaneal apophysitis, also known as Sever disease, is the painful inflammation of the apophysis of the calcaneus.
Epidemiology
It typically presents in active young children and adolescents, especially those who enjoy jumping and running sports.
Associations
High plantar foot pressures are...
Article
EWSR1-SMAD3-positive fibroblastic tumor
EWSR1-SMAD3-positive fibroblastic tumors are benign mesenchymal neoplasms with different morphologies and a provisional name 1-4 that was and added to the WHO classification of soft tissue tumors in 2020 2,3.
Epidemiology
EWSR1-SMAD3-positive fibroblastic tumors are sporadic soft tissue neopla...
Article
Ischemic stroke
Ischemic stroke is an episode of neurological dysfunction due to focal infarction in the central nervous system attributed to arterial thrombosis, embolization, or critical hypoperfusion. While ischemic stroke is formally defined to include brain, spinal cord, and retinal infarcts 1, in common u...
Article
Sturge-Weber syndrome (mnemonic)
Some key findings pertaining to Sturge-Weber syndrome may be recalled using the following mnemonics:
STURGE CAPS
8 Cs
Mnemonics
STURGE CAPS
S: seizures, sporadic
T: tram-track gyriform calcification; trigeminal territory port-wine stain
U: unilateral weakness (hemiparesis contralateral to...
Article
Tuberous sclerosis (mnemonic)
The findings of tuberous sclerosis can be remembered with the help of the following mnemonic:
HAMARTOMAS
Mnemonic
H: hamartomas (CNS, retinal and skin)
A: angiofibroma (facial) or adenoma sebaceum
M: mitral regurgitation
A: ash-leaf spots
R: rhabdomyoma (cardiac)
T: tubers (cortical, sub...
Article
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis (CF), also called mucoviscidosis, is an autosomal recessive genetic disease that affects the exocrine function of the lungs, liver, pancreas, small bowel, sweat glands, and urogenital system.
This article is a general discussion of the disease. Each organ system are discussed se...
Article
Blount disease
Blount disease refers to a local disturbance of growth of the medial aspect of the proximal tibial metaphysis and/or epiphysis that results in tibia vara. The condition is commonly bilateral. Somewhat confusingly, "tibia vara" has been used in the literature as a synonym for Blount disease.
Epi...
Article
Orbital cystic lesions
Several cystic and cyst-like orbital lesions may be encountered in imaging of the orbits:
developmental orbital cysts
choristoma
dermoid: commonest benign orbital tumor in childhood
epidermoid
teratoma
congenital cystic eye
colobomatous cyst
vascular lesions
acquired
abscess
hematom...
Article
Intrahepatic arterioportal shunt
Intrahepatic arterioportal shunts, also known as arterioportal fistulas, represent abnormal flow between the portal venous system and a hepatic arterial system within the liver. They can be a reversible cause of portal hypertension.
Clinical presentation
Clinical features will depend on the si...
Article
Trichilemmal cyst
Trichilemmal cysts, also known as pilar cysts, are benign accumulations of keratin along the outer hair root sheath, most commonly on the scalp. They are the most common subcutaneous nodule incidentally found on head imaging and are of no clinical relevance when asymptomatic 1. Uncommonly, they ...
Article
Schistosomiasis (urinary tract manifestations)
Bladder schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia of the bladder, is an infection by the Schistosoma flukeworm and is a major health problem in developing parts of the world predisposing individuals to bladder squamous cell carcinoma.
Epidemiology
Schistosomiasis is very common, affecting over ...
Article
Arachnoid cyst
Arachnoid cysts are relatively common benign and asymptomatic lesions occurring in association with the central nervous system, both within the intracranial compartment (most common) as well as within the spinal canal. They are usually located within the subarachnoid space and contain CSF.
On ...
Article
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, also known as Wilkie syndrome, cast syndrome or aortomesenteric duodenal compression syndrome, is a rare acquired vascular compression disorder in which acute angulation of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) results in compression of the third part of...
Article
Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate
Mucinous adenocarcinomas of the prostate or colloid adenocarcinomas of the prostate are a variant of acinar adenocarcinoma and characterized by mucinous features.
Epidemiology
Mucinous adenocarcinomas of the prostate are rare and account for less than 0.5% of prostate cancers 1-4.
Diagnosis
...
Article
Grids
Grids are placed between the patient and the x-ray film to reduce the scattered radiation reaching the detector (produced mainly by the Compton effect) and thus improve image contrast.
They are made of parallel strips of high attenuating material such as lead with an interspace filled with low ...
Article
Choroid plexus papilloma
Choroid plexus papillomas are an uncommon, benign (WHO grade 1) neuroepithelial intraventricular tumor, which can occur in both the pediatric (more common) and adult population.
On imaging, these tumors are usually identified in the fourth ventricle in adults and in the lateral ventricles in t...
Article
Superior medullary velum
The superior (or anterior) medullary velum is a thin layer of tissue that is suspended between the superior cerebellar peduncles forming the roof of the fourth ventricle along with the inferior medullary velum. It is enclosed by pia mater dorsally and ependyma ventrally. The lingula of the vermi...
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