Spinal dysraphism

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Spinal ~~Dysraphism~~dysraphism

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Spinal dysraphism is a broad term given to a group of anomalies where there are malformations in the dorsum of the embryo. Neural tube defects come under this group as well.

Pathology

The neural tube is formed by the lengthwise closure of the neural plate, in the dorsum of the embryo.

The upper part of the neural tube forms the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. The lower part of the neural tube forms the spinal canal. Dysraphism results when the neural plate does not fuse completely in its lower section.

Subtypes

Spinal dysraphism can be broadly divided into two different pathological entities ⁴:

open spinal dysraphism: occurs when the cord and its covering communicate with the outside; no skin or tissues are seen to cover the sac
- meningocele
- myelomeningocele
closed spinal dysraphism: occurs when the cord is covered by other normal mesenchymal elements

Associations

Associated abnormalities of mesenchymal development occur often. Hence, lipomas and/or teratomas may be associated with any type.

-<p><strong>Spinal dysraphism</strong> is a broad term given to a group of anomalies where there are malformations in the dorsum of the embryo. <a href="/articles/neural-tube-defects">Neural tube defects</a> come under this group as well. </p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>The neural tube is formed by the lengthwise closure of the neural plate, in the dorsum of the embryo.</p><p>The upper part of the neural tube forms the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. The lower part of the neural tube forms the spinal canal. Dysraphism results when the neural plate does not fuse completely in its lower section. </p><h5>Subtypes</h5><p>Spinal dysraphism can be broadly divided into two different pathological entities <sup>4</sup>:</p><ul>
+<p><strong>Spinal dysraphism</strong> is a broad term given to a group of anomalies where there are malformations in the dorsum of the <a title="Embryo" href="/articles/embryo">embryo</a>. <a href="/articles/neural-tube-defects">Neural tube defects</a> come under this group as well. </p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>The <a title="Neural tube" href="/articles/neural-tube">neural tube</a> is formed by the lengthwise closure of the <a title="Neural plate" href="/articles/neural-plate">neural plate</a>, in the dorsum of the embryo.</p><p>The upper part of the neural tube forms the <a title="Forebrain" href="/articles/prosencephalon">forebrain</a>, <a title="Midbrain" href="/articles/midbrain">midbrain</a> and <a title="Hindbrain" href="/articles/rhombencephalon">hindbrain</a>. The lower part of the neural tube forms the <a title="Spinal canal" href="/articles/spinal-canal">spinal canal</a>. Dysraphism results when the neural plate does not fuse completely in its lower section. </p><h5>Subtypes</h5><p>Spinal dysraphism can be broadly divided into two different pathological entities <sup>4</sup>:</p><ul>
~~-<a href="/articles/spinal-neurenteric-cysts">neurenteric cyst</a> <sup>5-6</sup>~~
+<a href="/articles/spinal-neurenteric-cysts">neurenteric cyst</a> <sup>5,6</sup>