Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,897 results found
Article
Friedman line
The Friedman or scapular line can be used to determine glenoid version and glenoid bone loss 4. Glenoid version angle measured by the Friedman method has better inter-reader reliability than the scapular body method 2.
Measurement
The Friedman line is drawn along the long axis of the scapula ...
Article
Tuberculous bronchostenosis
Tuberculous bronchostenosis is a potential complication that can occur from endobronchial tuberculosis, especially in a chronic form.
Pathology
Bronchostenosis usually begins as simple erythema and edema with lymphocytic submucosal infiltration followed by tubercle formation. Destruction and r...
Article
Cases
Cases are your personal collection, shared with the greater Radiopaedia community. Awesome cases will be selected by our editorial board to be featured on the Radiopaedia homepage (see previously featured cases) as well as to be promoted on our various social media channels.
Each month one case...
Article
Rib notching
Rib notching refers to deformation of the superior or inferior surface of the rib. It can affect a single rib (from trauma or solitary masses e.g. schwannoma) or can affect multiple ribs.
Differential diagnosis
The differentials differ according to whether it is the superior or inferior surfac...
Article
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) refers to the hematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Pathology
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis can occur as a primary form of the disease, i.e. direct infection of an extrapulmonary organ without the presence of primary pulmonary tuberculosis or it can ...
Article
Periosteal osteosarcoma
Periosteal osteosarcomas are intermediate-grade bone-forming neoplasms originating on the bony surface in strong association, typically underneath the periosteum.
Epidemiology
Periosteal osteosarcomas are the second most common type of surface-based osteosarcoma after parosteal osteosarcoma an...
Article
Bronchial stenosis
Bronchial stenosis, or bronchial strictures, are descriptive terms to denote regions of focal narrowing involving the bronchi. They can arise from a wide variety of etiologies.
Pathology
Etiology
It can arise from a large range of etiological factors, which include:
tracheobronchial malignan...
Article
Mickey Mouse sign (disambiguation)
In medical imaging, a Mickey Mouse sign or appearance has been given to imaging features that mimic Mickey Mouse when viewed from the front. It has been described in the following:
anencephaly 2
progressive supranuclear palsy 1
synonymously with a finger in glove sign
the flared shape of the...
Article
Sessile
Sessile is a pathological term which is used for lesions that are attached by their base, that is they lack a stalk i.e. are not pedunculated. It is most commonly used for intraluminal polyps in the GI tract.
History and etymology
Sessile is derived from the Latin word "sessilis" which means s...
Article
Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung
Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) of the lung is a subtype of invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung formerly known as mucinous bronchoalveolar carcinoma (BAC). They are more likely to be multicentric and tend to have a worse prognosis than non-mucinous types.
Terminology
In 2011, the Inter...
Article
American Society of Neuroradiology
American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR) was established in 1962 to ensure that neuroradiologists in the United States could freely exchange ideas and act with a common voice. It publishes the American Journal of Neuroradiology (AJNR) and Neurographics.
History
At the VIth Symposium Neuroradi...
Article
Puerperal mastitis
Puerperal mastitis refers to mastitis occurring during pregnancy and lactation.
Epidemiology
It occurs most often during breast feeding and is rarely encountered during pregnancy.
Pathology
The source of infection is the nursing infant's nose and throat; the organisms being Staphylococcus au...
Article
Elbow (acute flexion AP)
The elbow acute flexion AP is a modified elbow AP projection for patients who cannot straighten their arm for examination. It is comprised of two views demonstrating the distal humerus and proximal forearm structures.
Indications
This is a modified projection (chosen by the radiographer when ...
Article
Fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle
The fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle is used to assess for a bunionette deformity. It should not be confused with the first intermetatarsal angle, used to assess for hallux valgus deformity.
Measurement
The fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle is formed between the long axis of the fourth and...
Article
Benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space in infancy
Benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces in infancy (BESS or BESSI) also known as benign external hydrocephalus (BEH) is, as per the name, a benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces in infants. It usually involves the frontal lobe subarachnoid spaces, and it is characterized clinically...
Article
Calcific axillary lymphadenopathy (differential)
Calcific axillary lymphadenopathy is in general, more concerning than axillary lymphadenopathy alone and is particularly so if it contains microcalcifications. While this is concerning for malignancy, it can also occur from occasional nonmalignant causes.
Pathology
Etiology
metastatic axillar...
Article
Wrist
The wrist is a complex synovial joint formed by articulations of the radius, the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint and the carpal bones.
Terminology
Somewhat confusingly, the term carpus can be used as a synonym for the wrist joint as a whole, or in a more restricted sense to refer...
Article
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also known as benign prostatic enlargement (BPE), is an extremely common condition in elderly males and a major cause of bladder outflow obstruction.
Terminology
The term benign prostatic hypertrophy was formerly used for this condition, but since histology...
Article
Wrist (horizontal beam lateral view)
The horizontal beam lateral wrist view is a modified lateral projection when performing the three view series of the wrist and carpal bones in trauma
Indications
This is not a requested view, rather an adaptation to a tricky situation. Most often this projection is conducted on patients who ar...
Article
Acute abdominal series
The acute abdominal series is a common set of abdominal radiographs obtained to evaluate bowel gas.
Indications
The acute series is used for a variety of indications including:
determine the amount of bowel gas, with possible bowel distention
assess air-fluid levels
query pneumoperitoneum...
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