68 results
Article
COVID-19
For a quick reference guide, please see our COVID-19 summary article.
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a strain of coronavirus. The first cases were seen in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 before ...
Article
COVID-19 (summary)
This summary article is intended to be used as a quick reference guide. Please see our complete COVID-19 article for more details.
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a viral infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and is a World Health Organizatiοn (WHO) declared pandemic. As of 2024, ~775...
Article
Long COVID-19
Long COVID-19 also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) or post COVID-19 condition, is a post-viral syndrome affecting people who have recovered from COVID-19 infection. Symptoms are similar to those experienced by patients with chronic inflammatory response syndrome (CIRS...
Article
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) or pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) is an emerging pediatric disease occurring after prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and is therefore strongly associated with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Terminology
The World Health Organiz...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (P)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter P and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R ...
Article
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a zoonotic illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), a coronavirus. The disease was first seen in the city of Foshan in Guangdong Province in China in 2002 and was traced back to the Himalayan (masked) p...
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Epidemic
The epidemiological term, epidemic is defined for a condition that is normally rare in a population but in a short space of time has become widespread 1. It may refer to both infectious diseases (for example, Zika virus epidemic in Brazil 6) but also other conditions, e.g. the obesity epidemic.
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Article
Reporting and Data Systems (disambiguation)
There has been a proliferation of Reporting and Data Systems (RADS), which have been proposed - and in many cases widely adopted - as standardized systems for the reporting of imaging of various body organs, often, but certainly not always, with a focus on oncological disease 2. These systems al...
Article
Kawasaki disease
Kawasaki disease is a small to medium vessel vasculitis predominantly affecting young children. It can affect any organ but there is a predilection for the coronary vessels.
Epidemiology
Japan has the highest incidence in the world, with an annual incidence of 3 per 1000 children under the age...
Article
Pulmonary target sign
The pulmonary target sign has been described in the lung parenchyma as a central high attenuation focus surrounded by one or more dense complete or incomplete ring-like consolidation, forming one or more circles. This sign has been predominantly reported on non-contrast chest CT in patients with...
Article
Pneumonia
The term pneumonia is most commonly used to mean acute infection of the lung parenchyma. Sometimes chronic infections are included.
Terminology
the term consolidation is often erroneously misinterpreted as a synonym for pneumonia
some interstitial lung diseases have been classified as interst...
Article
Imaging data sets (artificial intelligence)
The aggregation of an imaging data set is a critical step in building artificial intelligence (AI) for radiology. Imaging data sets are used in various ways including training and/or testing algorithms. Many data sets for building convolutional neural networks for image identification involve at...
Article
D-dimer
D-dimer is a commonly tested biological marker which is produced by the enzymatic breakdown of cross-linked fibrin which forms the fibrous mesh of a blood clot. The measurement of D-dimer in the circulation acts as a marker of coagulation and fibrinolysis, which can be useful in the diagnosis of...
Article
Hiccups
Hiccups (or hiccoughs), medical term singultus (rare plural: singultūs), are an unpleasant phenomenon, experienced by everyone on occasion, and usually self-limiting. However the much rarer intractable chronic form can be extremely debilitating.
Epidemiology
Hiccups are a symptom that has prob...
Article
Pneumatocele
Pneumatoceles are intrapulmonary gas-filled cystic spaces that can have a variety of sizes and appearances. They usually occur as a result of pneumonia or in neonates as the result of a ventilator-induced lung injury. They should not be mistaken for a cavitating lung mass.
Epidemiology
Althou...
Article
Small airways disease
Small airways disease comprise of a group infectious as well as non-infectious conditions that affect the small airways (i.e. airways that are more peripheral to the main bronchi and proximal bronchioles (4th the 14th generation) - arbitrarily considered to be those with an internal diameter of ...
Article
Amylase
Amylase is widely employed as a marker of acute pancreatitis and a significant elevation is diagnostic.
Physiology
α-amylase is a digestive enzyme that is predominantly secreted by the acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas. It is also secreted by the salivary glands. Pancreatic amylase is enco...
Article
Cytokine release syndrome
Cytokine release syndrome refers to the overwhelming release of cytokines by T-cells or other immune effector cells in the absence of immunomodulation, which can result in severe systemic inflammation, coagulopathy, and multiorgan dysfunction 4. Severe manifestation of cytokine release syndrome ...
Article
Acute abdominal pain
Acute abdominal pain is a common acute presentation in clinical practice. It encompasses a very broad range of possible etiologies and diagnoses, and imaging is routinely employed as the primary investigative tool in its modern management.
Terminology
A subgroup of patients with acute abdomina...
Article
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (commonly abbreviated to TB, short for tubercle bacillus) encompasses an enormously wide disease spectrum affecting multiple organs and body systems predominantly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A small proportion can also be caused by Mycobacterium bovis through drinking unpa...
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