Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,918 results
Article
Wrist
The wrist is a complex synovial joint formed by articulations of the radius, the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint and the carpal bones.
Terminology
Somewhat confusingly, the term carpus can be used as a synonym for the wrist joint as a whole, or in a more restricted sense to refer...
Article
Bathrocephaly
Bathrocephaly, also known as bathrocephalic occiputs, is a normal variation in skull shape, caused by an outward convex bulge of mid-portion of the occipital bone, often associated with a modification of the mendosal suture.
Epidemiology
The true incidence of this disorder is unknown 1.
Rarel...
Article
Fibrosarcoma
Fibrosarcomas are malignant tumors of fibroblast origin. They are a type of soft tissue sarcoma that can be grouped by patient age, i.e. adult fibrosarcoma and infantile fibrosarcoma, and/or anatomical region, for example:
fibrosarcoma of the breast
fibrosarcoma of the chest wall
fibrosarcoma...
Article
Acquired cystic kidney disease
Acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) is a condition that occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), especially when on dialysis treatment. They do not have a history of other cystic renal disease.
Epidemiology
Its incidence increases with the amount of time a patient is azotemic...
Article
Popliteal venous aneurysm
Popliteal venous aneurysms are rare than those of the popliteal artery and are mostly asymptomatic. However, due to the disturbance of the venous blood flow, they can lead to potentially life-threatening consequences, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).
Epidemiology
...
Article
Atypical choroid plexus papilloma
Atypical choroid plexus papillomas are WHO grade 2 tumors derived from choroid plexus epithelium with intermediate clinical and pathological features between more indolent choroid plexus papillomas and more aggressive choroid plexus carcinomas.
As clinically, and on imaging, they are difficult ...
Article
Automated full-field volumetric ultrasound
An automatic full-field volumetric breast ultrasound scanner (AFFBUS) is a developing technology which was initiated to overcome the drawback of dense breast and to get a three-dimensional view of the breast.
Components
scan station
view station
Scan station
Automatic ultrasound imaging ac...
Article
Forearm series (pediatric)
The forearm series for pediatrics comprises an anteroposterior and lateral projection. These projections examine the entire radius and ulna including the distal and proximal articulations.
Indications
Forearm x-rays are indicated for a variety of settings including:
trauma
bony tenderness
s...
Article
Ataxia-telangiectasia
Ataxia-telangiectasia, also known as Louis-Bar syndrome, is a rare multisystem autosomal recessive disorder, sometimes classified as a phakomatosis. It is characterized by multiple telangiectasias, cerebellar ataxia, pulmonary infections, and immunodeficiency.
On brain imaging, it usually demo...
Article
Anti Sjögren syndrome related antigen antibodies
Anti Sjögren’s syndrome related antigen antibodies are a group of antibodies against autoantigens which include
Ro/SSA
anti-Ro52
anti-Ro60
La/SSB
They are thought to be associated a number of autoimmune conditions.
They were originally identified in patients with
Sjögren syndrome (hence t...
Article
CT fluoroscopy
Computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy combines the conventional advantages of both CT and fluoroscopy and has an important role in image-guided interventions where real-time imaging is required.
Historically, fluoroscopy was the main image guidance tool for interventional radiology procedures. T...
Article
Foot series (pediatric)
The foot series for pediatrics consists of a dorsoplantar (DP), medial oblique and a lateral projection. Depending on the child's age and the departmental protocol, the medial oblique view may or may not be performed.
Indications
trauma with suspected fracture
suspected dislocation
foreign b...
Article
Hand series (pediatric)
The hand series for pediatrics often consist of a posteroanterior and lateral view only in order to minimize radiation dose to the patient. Depending on the department and clinical indication, an additional oblique view may also be done.
Indications
trauma with suspected fracture
suspected di...
Article
Wrist series (pediatric)
The wrist series for pediatrics often consist of a posteroanterior and lateral view only in order to minimize radiation dose to the patient. Depending on departmental protocols, the oblique view may also be included as a standard view.
Indications
trauma with suspected fracture
suspected dis...
Article
Brachytherapy seed migration to the lung
Brachytherapy seed migration to the lung is a known complication of radioactive seed therapy. These seeds are used for localized treatment of malignancies, most commonly prostate cancer.
Regarding staging, nearly 79% of the cases are localized, 12% are regional and 5% present with distant disea...
Article
Pituitary gland protocol (MRI)
MRI protocol for pituitary gland is a group of MRI sequences put together to improve sensitivity and specificity for the assessment of lesions of the pituitary gland (e.g. pituitary adenoma) and other sellar and suprasellar abnormalities (check the article on pituitary region masses for some exa...
Article
Demyelination protocol (MRI)
MRI protocol for demyelinating diseases is a group of MRI sequences put together to best approach these white matter disorders characterized by the destruction or damage of normally myelinated structures. These disorders may be inflammatory, infective, ischemic or toxic in origin.
Historically...
Article
CT paranasal sinus (protocol)
The CT paranasal sinus protocol serves as an examination for the assessment of the study of the mucosa and bone system of the sinonasal cavities. It is usually performed as a non-contrast study.
NB: This article aims to frame a general concept of a CT protocol for the assessment of the paranasa...
Article
Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most common adult primary brain tumor and are aggressive, relatively resistant to therapy, and have a corresponding poor prognosis.
They typically appear as heterogeneous masses centered in the white matter with irregular peripheral enhancement, central necrosis, and...
Article
Skull base meningioma
Skull base meningiomas can be located at the olfactory groove, tuberculum sella, sphenoid ridge, petroclival region, foramen magnum and jugular foramen 1.
Clinical presentation
Similar to typical meningiomas, they are slowly growing and usually asymptomatic. Apart from headache, they can pre...
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