Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a broad term that encompasses a spectrum of infection and inflammation of the upper female genital tract, resulting in a range of abnormalities.
Epidemiology
The highest incidence is seen among sexually-active women in their teens, with 75% of cases being ...
Article
Ligament of Treitz
The ligament of Treitz, also known as the suspensory ligament of the duodenum, is a double fold of peritoneum suspending the duodenojejunal flexure from the retroperitoneum.
It is often used interchangeably with duodenojejunal flexure.
Anatomy
The ligament of Treitz comprises two parts:
acc...
Article
Unfolded aorta
The term unfolded aorta refers to an increased radius of curvature and rotation of the relatively mobile aortic arch 3. It is a common cause of mediastinal widening on chest radiograpy in older individuals.
With increasing age the aorta lengthens, stiffens and gradually dilates 3. Pulse pressur...
Article
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is defined as bleeding that occurs distal to the ligament of Treitz (i.e. from the jejunum, ileum, colon, rectum or anus) and presenting as either hematochezia (bright red blood/clots or burgundy stools) or melena.
Epidemiology
The incidence of lower gast...
Article
Lobar intracerebral hemorrhage
Lobar intracerebral hemorrhage is a subtype of intracerebral hemorrhage defined by their location in the peripheral cerebral hemispheres. Compared to deep intracerebral hemorrhages (involving the deep grey nuclei or brainstem), lobar hemorrhages are less likely to be related to hypertension and ...
Article
Accessory navicular
An accessory navicular is a large accessory ossicle that can be present adjacent to the medial side of the navicular bone. The tibialis posterior tendon often inserts with a broad attachment into the ossicle. Most cases are asymptomatic but in a small proportion, it may cause painful tendinosis ...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (C)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter C and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
Article
Coronary microvascular dysfunction
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) or coronary microvascular disease refers to a wide spectrum of clinical situations with an impairment of the coronary microcirculation and myocardial blood flow in subjects with respective risk factors. It can contribute to or induce myocardial ischemia. ...
Article
Pancreatic ultrasound
Pancreatic ultrasound can be used to assess for pancreatic malignancy, pancreatitis and its complications, as well as for other pancreatic pathology.
Preparation
Fast the patient to reduce interference from overlying bowel gas, which may otherwise make visualization difficult.
Scanning techni...
Article
Brachial artery Doppler assessment for detecting endothelial dysfunction
Brachial artery Doppler assessment for detecting endothelial dysfunction is performed for detecting and classifying endothelial dysfunction by measuring the vascular dilation of the brachial artery, which is highly related to coronary microvascular dysfunction 1,4-5.
This test is generally indi...
Article
Limy bile
Limy bile stands for the presence of a viscous substance in the dependent parts of the gallbladder and/or bile ducts, probably as a result of stasis, almost entirely composed of calcium carbonate and, therefore, highly radiopaque.
Terminology
The terms limy bile and milk of calcium gallbladder...
Article
Extensor carpi ulnaris tendinopathy
Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendinopathy is varied and includes tendinosis, (stenosing) tenosynovitis, tendon instability, and (rarely) rupture.
Epidemiology
Athletes at increased risk of ECU tendinopathy include those who participate in 1,2:
racquet sports, e.g. tennis
club sports, e.g. g...
Article
Cyamella
A cyamella is a rare sesamoid bone that exists as a normal variant within the popliteus tendon, characteristically located at the lateral aspect of the distal femur in the popliteal groove.
Cyamella is best seen on the AP view of plain radiograph as opposed to the fabella, which is located in t...
Article
Bladder outlet obstruction
Bladder outlet obstruction can arise from a number of conditions affecting the urethra and/or bladder outlet but is most commonly encountered in elderly men due to prostate enlargement.
Clinical presentation
Patients often present with difficulty in urination, retention, and urinary discomfor...
Article
Uterine artery embolization
Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is an interventional radiological technique to decrease the arterial supply to the uterus and is performed for various reasons.
History
Uterine artery embolization has been practised for more than 20 years for controlling post-partum hemorrhage.
The technique...
Article
Scaphoid (PA ulnar deviation view)
The posteroanterior ulnar deviation scaphoid view is part of a four view series of the scaphoid, wrist and surrounding carpal bones. Although performed PA, the view can often be referred to as an AP view. The view is performed with the wrist in ulnar deviation to free the scaphoid from bony supe...
Article
Endovascular arteriovenous fistula creation
Endovascular arteriovenous fistula creation is a minimally invasive alternative for the creation of arteriovenous fistulae for hemodialysis access.
Technique
Catheter-based technology and image guidance in the form of ultrasound and fluoroscopy is utilized create a side-to-side anastomosis bet...
Article
Tuberculosis (pulmonary manifestations)
Pulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis are varied and depend on bacterial dose, virulence and host immunity. Droplet transmission causes pulmonary infection which is usually contained, becoming dormant. Subsequent cavitating disease can be due to reactivation or new exogenous infection. Geneti...
Article
Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor
Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumors (MVNT) are lesions with distinct cytoarchitectural patterns. They are often considered part of the heterogeneous group of tumors known as long-term epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATs).
Radiologically, MVNTs appear as small "bubbly" indolent subcortica...
Article
Diastematomyelia
Diastematomyelia, also known as a split cord malformation, refers to a type of spinal dysraphism (spina bifida occulta) characterized by a longitudinal split in the spinal cord.
Terminology
Although traditionally, it has been distinguished from diplomyelia (in which the cord is duplicated rat...
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