Pulmonary hypertension (differential)
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The causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension are protean and can be divided in many ways. A simple and systematic approach is to proceed along the cardiopulmonary pulmonary circulation, as causes are found at each site (for a more official classification system see 2003 third world symposium on pulmonary arterial hypertension classification).
- right heart
- Eisenmenger phenomenon: chronic left to right shunts
- pulmonary arteries
- pulmonary artery stenosis
- hypertension will be confined to the right heart and artery proximal to stenosis
- chronic/repeated pulmonary emboli including
- fat embolism
- tumour emboi, e.g. trophoblastic disease
- arteritis
- pulmonary artery stenosis
- pulmonary capillaries and pulmonary parenchyma
- asthma
- bronchiectasis, including
- chronic bronchitis
- emphysema including
- lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM)
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH/histiocytosis X)
-
pulmonary fibrosis: any cause, including
- connective tissue disorders
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- pneumoconiosis
- pulmonary veins
- left heart
- chronic left heart failure
- mitral valve stenosis
- hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- chest wall and upper airway resulting in chronic hypoxia
- kyphoscoliosis
- obesity, e.g. Pickwickian syndrome
- fibrothorax
-<li><a href="/articles/granulomatosis-with-polyangitis">Wegener granulomatosis</a></li>- +<li><a href="/articles/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis">Wegener granulomatosis</a></li>
-<li><a href="/articles/lymphangiomyomatosis">lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM)</a></li>- +<li><a href="/articles/lymphangioleiomyomatosis-1">lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM)</a></li>
-<li><a title="Systemic sclerosis" href="/articles/scleroderma">systemic sclerosis</a></li>- +<li><a href="/articles/scleroderma">systemic sclerosis</a></li>
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