Supernumerary kidney
Updates to Article Attributes
Supernumerary kidneys, also known as accessory kidneys, are a rare congenital anomaly of the urogenital system, where there are one or two additional kidneys.
Epidemiology
Less than 100 cases have been documented in the medical literature.
Associations
Many conditions have been found to be associated with supernumerary kidneys including:
- urogenital
- others
Clinical presentation
Patients may be asymptomatic. If present, symptoms may encompass fever, pain and an abdominal mass. These symptoms are mostly due to related renal pathologypathologies such as hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, malignant tumors or calculi.
Radiographic features
Most of the supernumerary kidneys are on the left and usually caudal to the native kidney. Mostly the accessory kidney is smaller in size with reduced excretion. Evaluation The evaluation may be done by ultrasound, IVU, CT, MRI and nuclear medicine studies like DMSA and DTPA scans. Ultrasound is useful in the morphological characterisation whilst the rest may aid in the functional assessment too.
Treatment and prognosis
Management is symptom based-based. For asymptomatic patients, regular ultrasound follow up-ups and USG with excretory function assessment is suggested if the patient is symptomatic.
Differential diagnosis
-</ul><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>Patients may be asymptomatic. If present, symptoms may encompass fever, pain and an abdominal mass. These symptoms are mostly due to related renal pathology such as <a href="/articles/hydronephrosis">hydronephrosis</a>, <a href="/articles/pyelonephritis">pyelonephritis</a>, <a href="/articles/renal-tumours">malignant tumors</a> or <a href="/articles/urolithiasis">calculi</a>.</p><h4>Radiographic features </h4><p>Most of the supernumerary kidneys are on the left and usually caudal to the native kidney. Mostly the accessory kidney is smaller in size with reduced excretion. Evaluation may be done by ultrasound, <a href="/articles/intravenous-urography">IVU</a>, CT , MRI and nuclear medicine studies like <a href="/articles/tc-99m-dmsa">DMSA</a> and <a href="/articles/tc-99m-dtpa">DTPA</a> scans. Ultrasound is useful in the morphological characterisation whilst the rest aid in functional assessment.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Management is symptom based. For asymptomatic patients regular ultrasound follow up and USG with excretory function assessment is suggested if patient is symptomatic. </p><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><ul>- +</ul><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>Patients may be asymptomatic. If present, symptoms may encompass fever, pain and an abdominal mass. These symptoms are mostly due to related renal pathologies such as <a href="/articles/hydronephrosis">hydronephrosis</a>, <a href="/articles/pyelonephritis">pyelonephritis</a>, <a href="/articles/renal-tumours">malignant tumors</a> or <a href="/articles/urolithiasis">calculi</a>.</p><h4>Radiographic features </h4><p>Most of the supernumerary kidneys are on the left and usually caudal to the native kidney. Mostly the accessory kidney is smaller in size with reduced excretion. The evaluation may be done by ultrasound, <a href="/articles/intravenous-urography">IVU</a>, CT, MRI and nuclear medicine studies like <a href="/articles/tc-99m-dmsa">DMSA</a> and <a href="/articles/tc-99m-dtpa">DTPA</a> scans. Ultrasound is useful in morphological characterisation whilst the rest may aid in the functional assessment too.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Management is symptom-based. For asymptomatic patients, regular ultrasound follow-ups and USG with excretory function assessment is suggested if the patient is symptomatic. </p><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><ul>
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