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CNS infectious diseases

Changed by Bruno Di Muzio, 12 Apr 2015
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Updates to Article Attributes

Title was changed:
EncephalicCNS infectious inflammatory diseases
Body was changed:

This article aims to be a collection of articles that represent the encephaliccentral nervous system infectious inflammatory diseases. There will be some overlap between some articles as they are listed and discussed in a mixture of anatomical and etiological etiological classification. 

Terminology

It is important to remember that “encephalitis” is a generic term referring to an inflammatory condition affecting the encephalon (from ancient Greek enképhalos, “within the head”), therefore it can bewhich is used in almost all the conditions below discriminatedmedicine as a synonym for brain. 

Infectious conditions by anatomical distribution

Encephalitides by aetiology   

This list does not intend to contemplate all the possible aetiologic agents involved in CNS infections, but those that are relevant for the discussion.  

Viral
Bacterial
Fungal
  • CNS cryptococcosis (Cryptococcus neoformans)
  • CNS coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis)
  • CNS mucormycosis (order Mucorales)
  • CNS nocardiosis (Nocardia spp)
  • CNS aspergillosis (Aspergillus spp)
  • Neurocandidiasis (Candida spp)
Parasitic 

Fungal        Cryptococcosis        Coccidioidomycosis        Mucormycosis        Nocardis        Aspergillosis        Candidiasis    Parasitic         Toxoplasmosis        Cysticercosis        Cerebral Malaria        Sparganosis        Echinococcosis (Hydatid disease)    Prions        Creutzfeldt

Prions
Others

Diseases that are most likely to have an infectious or post infectious aetiology:        Rasmussen

by route of spread

  • -<p>This article aims to be a collection of articles that represent the <strong>encephalic infectious inflammatory diseases</strong>. There will be some overlap between some articles as they are listed and discussed in a mixture of anatomical and etiological classification. </p><h4>Terminology</h4><p>It is important to remember that “encephalitis” is a generic term referring to an inflammatory condition affecting the encephalon (from ancient Greek enképhalos, “within the head”), therefore it can be used in almost all the conditions below discriminated. </p><h4>Infectious conditions by anatomical distribution</h4><ul>
  • +<p>This article aims to be a collection of articles that represent the <strong>central nervous system infectious diseases</strong>. There will be some overlap between articles as they are listed and discussed in a mixture of anatomical and etiological classification.  </p><h4>Terminology</h4><p>It is important to remember that “encephalitis” is a generic term referring to an inflammatory condition affecting the encephalon (from ancient Greek enképhalos, “within the head”), which is used in medicine as a synonym for brain.  </p><h4>by anatomical distribution</h4><ul>
  • -<li>epidural abscess</li>
  • -<li>pachymeningitis</li>
  • -<li>subdural empyema</li>
  • -<li>leptomeningitis (meningitis) </li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/epidural-abscess">epidural abscess</a></li>
  • +<li>
  • +<a href="/articles/pachymeningitis">pachymeningitis</a><ul><li><a href="/articles/tuberculous-pachymeningitis">tuberculous pachymeningitis</a></li></ul>
  • +</li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/subdural-empyema">subdural empyema</a></li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/leptomeningitis">leptomeningitis (meningitis) </a></li>
  • -<li>cerebritis (pyogenic brain abscess)<ul><li>septic-embolic focal encephalitis</li></ul>
  • +<li>
  • +<a href="/articles/brain-abscess-1">cerebritis (pyogenic brain abscess)</a><ul><li><a href="/articles/septic-embolic-focal-encephalitis">septic-embolic focal encephalitis</a></li></ul>
  • -<li>ventriculitis (ependymitis)</li>
  • -<li>choroid plexitis</li>
  • -<li>rhombencephalitis<ul>
  • -<li>listeria rhombencephalitis</li>
  • -<li>tuberculous rhombencephalitis</li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/ventriculitis">ventriculitis (ependymitis)</a></li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/choroid-plexitis">choroid plexitis</a></li>
  • +<li>
  • +<a href="/articles/rhombencephalitis">rhombencephalitis</a><ul>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/listeria-rhombencephalitis">listeria rhombencephalitis</a></li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/tuberculous-rhombencephalitis">tuberculous rhombencephalitis</a></li>
  • -<li>cerebellitis </li>
  • -</ul><h4>Encephalitides by aetiology   </h4><h6>Viral</h6><ul>
  • +<li>
  • +<a href="/articles/cerebellitis">cerebellitis</a> </li>
  • +</ul><h4>by aetiology   </h4><p>This list does not intend to contemplate all the possible aetiologic agents involved in CNS infections, but those that are relevant for the discussion.  </p><h6><a href="/articles/viral-encephalitides">Viral</a></h6><ul>
  • -<li>herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)</li>
  • -<li>herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) <ul><li>neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis​</li></ul>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/herpes-simplex-encephalitis">herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)</a></li>
  • +<li>herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) <ul><li><a href="/articles/neonatal-herpes-simplex-encephalitis">neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis​</a></li></ul>
  • -<li>varicella zoster virus (VZV)</li>
  • -<li>Bickerstaff encephalitis</li>
  • -<li>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)</li>
  • -<li>cytomegalovirus (CMV)</li>
  • -<li>Bickerstaff encephalitis</li>
  • -<li>human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)</li>
  • -<li>B virus (herpesvirus simiae) </li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/varicella-zoster-virus-encephalitis">varicella zoster virus (VZV)</a></li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/bickerstaff-encephalitis">Bickerstaff encephalitis</a></li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/epstein-barr-encephalitis">Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)</a></li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/cytomegalovirus-encephalitis">cytomegalovirus (CMV)</a></li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/human-herpesvirus-6-encephalitis">human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)</a></li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/b-virus-encephalitis">B virus (herpesvirus simiae) </a></li>
  • -<li>EEE (Eastern equine encephalitis)</li>
  • -<li>Flavivirus encephalitis <ul>
  • -<li>Japanese encephalitis</li>
  • -<li>West Nile fever</li>
  • -<li>Murray valley fever</li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/eastern-equine-encephalitis">EEE (Eastern equine encephalitis)</a></li>
  • +<li>
  • +<a href="/articles/flavivirus-encephalitis">Flavivirus encephalitis </a><ul>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/japanese-encephalitis">Japanese encephalitis</a></li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/west-nile-fever">West Nile fever</a></li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/murray-valley-fever">Murray valley fever</a></li>
  • -<li>HIV</li>
  • -<li>JC virus<ul><li>progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy</li></ul>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/aids-dementia-complex">HIV</a></li>
  • +<li>JC virus<ul><li><a href="/articles/progressive-multifocal-leukoencephalopathy">progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy</a></li></ul>
  • -<li>Nipah</li>
  • -<li>St. Louis encephalitis</li>
  • -<li>Rabies encephalitis</li>
  • -<li>Measles<ul><li>subacute sclerosing panencephalitis </li></ul>
  • +<li>Nipah Virus (NiV)</li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/st-louis-encephalitis">St. Louis encephalitis</a></li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/rabies-encephalitis">Rabies encephalitis</a></li>
  • +<li>
  • +<a href="/articles/measles-encephalitis">Measles</a><ul><li><a href="/articles/subacute-sclerosing-panencephalitis-1">subacute sclerosing panencephalitis </a></li></ul>
  • -<em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </em>(Tuberculosis) </li>
  • +<a href="/articles/cns-tuberculosis-1"><em>CNS tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)</em></a><em> </em> </li>
  • -<li>Rocky Mountain spotted fever</li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever">Rocky Mountain spotted fever</a></li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/lyme-disease">Lyme disease <em>(Borrelia burgdorferi)</em></a></li>
  • +</ul><h6>Fungal</h6><ul>
  • -<em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em> (Lyme disease)</li>
  • -</ul><p>    </p><p>Fungal<br>        Cryptococcosis<br>        Coccidioidomycosis<br>        Mucormycosis<br>        Nocardis<br>        Aspergillosis<br>        Candidiasis<br>    Parasitic <br>        Toxoplasmosis<br>        Cysticercosis<br>        Cerebral Malaria<br>        Sparganosis<br>        Echinococcosis (Hydatid disease)<br>    Prions<br>        Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease<br>    Others: diseases that are most likely to have an infectious or post infectious aetiology:<br>        Rasmussen encephalitis<br>        Acute necrotising encephalopathy of childhood<br>        Haemorrhagic shock and encephalophaty syndrome </p>
  • +<a href="/articles/cns-cryptococcosis-1">CNS cryptococcosis </a><a href="/articles/cns-cryptococcosis-1"><em>(</em></a><em><a href="/articles/missing">Cryptococcus neoformans</a><a href="/articles/cns-cryptococcosis-1">)</a> </em>
  • +</li>
  • +<li>CNS coccidioidomycosis<em> (Coccidioides immitis)</em>
  • +</li>
  • +<li>CNS mucormycosis (order <em>Mucorales</em>)</li>
  • +<li>CNS nocardiosis <em>(Nocardia spp)</em>
  • +</li>
  • +<li>CNS aspergillosis <em>(Aspergillus spp)</em>
  • +</li>
  • +<li>Neurocandidiasis (<em>Candida spp</em>)</li>
  • +</ul><h6>Parasitic </h6><ul>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/cerebral-toxoplasmosis-2">neurotoxoplasmosis <em>(Toxoplasma gondii)</em></a></li>
  • +<li>
  • +<a href="/articles/neurocysticercosis">neurocysticercosis</a> <em>(<a href="/articles/missing">Taenia solium</a></em>)</li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/cerebral-malarial-infection">cerebral malaria<em> (Plasmodium falciparum)</em></a></li>
  • +<li>sparganosis <em>(Spirometra mansonoides)</em>
  • +</li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/cerebral-hydatid-disease-1">neurohydatidosis <em>(Echinococcus spp) </em></a></li>
  • +</ul><h6>Prions</h6><ul><li><a href="/articles/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease">Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease</a></li></ul><h6>Others</h6><p>Diseases that are most likely to have an infectious or post infectious aetiology:</p><ul>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/rasmussen-encephalitis">Rasmussen encephalitis</a></li>
  • +<li><a href="/articles/acute-necrotising-encephalitis-of-childhood">acute necrotising encephalopathy of childhood</a></li>
  • +<li>haemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome </li>
  • +</ul><h4>by route of spread</h4><ul>
  • +<li>
  • +<p>haematogenous: bacteraemia as a result of distant infection or colonisation</p>
  • +<ul><li><p><a href="/articles/septic-embolic-focal-encephalitis">septic-embolic focal encephalitis</a></p></li></ul>
  • +</li>
  • +<li>
  • +<p>direct spread</p>
  • +<ul>
  • +<li><p><a href="/articles/acute-sinusitis">acute sinusitis</a> </p></li>
  • +<li><p><a href="/articles/acute-otomastoiditis">acute otomastoiditis</a></p></li>
  • +</ul>
  • +</li>
  • +<li>direct introduction (iatrogenic or traumatic)</li>
  • +</ul>

References changed:

  • 1. Knauth M, Hähnel S. Inflammatory Diseases of the Brain. Springer Science & Business Media. (2009) ISBN:354076660X. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN354076660X">Read it at Google Books</a> - <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/354076660X">Find it at Amazon</a><span class="auto"></span>
  • 2. Signore A, Quintero AM. Diagnostic Imaging of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases. John Wiley & Sons. (2013) ISBN:1118484355. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1118484355">Read it at Google Books</a> - <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1118484355">Find it at Amazon</a><span class="auto"></span>
  • 3. MBA DMYMD, Zimmerman RD, Grossman RI. Neuroradiology. Mosby. (2010) ISBN:0323045219. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0323045219">Read it at Google Books</a> - <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0323045219">Find it at Amazon</a><span class="ref_v3"></span>
  • 4. Castillo M. Neuroradiology Companion. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (2012) ISBN:145118025X. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN145118025X">Read it at Google Books</a> - <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/145118025X">Find it at Amazon</a><span class="auto"></span>

Systems changed:

  • Central Nervous System

Updates to Synonym Attributes

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