Rockwood classification of acromioclavicular joint injury
The Rockwood classification (1998) is the most common classification system in use for acromioclavicular joint injuries 3. This well known 6-type system is a modification of the earlier 3-class classification system described by Allman (1967) 2 and Tossy (1963).
It takes into account not only the acromioclavicular joint itself but also the coracoclavicular ligament, the deltoid and trapezius muscles, and the direction of dislocation of the clavicle with respect to the acromion. Essentially types IV, V, and VI are variants of type III 6.
-
type I: clavicle not elevated with respect to the acromion
- AC ligament: mild sprain
- CC ligament: intact
- joint capsule: intact
- deltoid muscle: intact
- trapezius muscle: intact
-
type II: clavicle elevated but not above the superior border of the acromion
- AC ligament: ruptured
- CC ligament: sprain
- joint capsule: ruptured
- deltoid muscle: minimally detached
- trapezius muscle: minimally detached
-
type III: clavicle elevated above the superior border of the acromion but coracoclavicular distance is less than twice normal (i.e. <25 mm)
- AC ligament: ruptured
- CC ligament: ruptured
- joint capsule: ruptured
- deltoid muscle: detached
- trapezius muscle: detached
-
type IV: clavicle displaced posterior into trapezius
- AC ligament: ruptured
- CC ligament: ruptured
- joint capsule: ruptured
- deltoid muscle: detached
- trapezius muscle: detached
-
type V: clavicle is markedly elevated and coracoclavicular distance is more than double normal (i.e. >25 mm)
- AC ligament: ruptured
- CC ligament: ruptured
- joint capsule: ruptured
- deltoid muscle: detached
- trapezius muscle: detached
-
type VI: clavicle inferiorly displaced behind coracobrachialis and biceps tendons, which is rare
- AC ligament: ruptured
- CC ligament: ruptured
- joint capsule: ruptured
- deltoid muscle: detached
- trapezius muscle: detached
See also
Related Radiopaedia articles
Fractures
-
fracture
- terminology
- fracture location
- diaphyseal fracture
- metaphyseal fracture
- physeal fracture
- epiphyseal fracture
- fracture types
- avulsion fracture
- articular surface injuries
- complete fracture
- incomplete fracture
- infraction
- compound fracture
- pathological fracture
- stress fracture
- fracture displacement
- fracture translation
- fracture angulation
- fracture rotation
- fracture length
- distraction
- impaction
- shortening
- fracture location
- skull fractures
-
facial fractures
- fractures involving a single facial buttress
- alveolar process fractures
- frontal sinus fracture
- isolated zygomatic arch fractures
- mandibular fracture
- nasal bone fracture
- orbital blow-out fracture
- paranasal sinus fractures
- complex fractures
- fractures involving a single facial buttress
-
spinal fractures
- classification (AO Spine classification systems)
-
cervical spine fracture classification systems
- AO classification of upper cervical injuries
- AO classification of subaxial injuries
- Anderson and D'Alonzo classification (odontoid fracture)
- Levine and Edwards classification (hangman fracture)
- Roy-Camille classification (odontoid process fracture )
- Allen and Ferguson classification (subaxial spine injuries)
- subaxial cervical spine injury classification (SLIC)
- thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems
- three column concept of spinal fractures (Denis classification)
- classification of sacral fractures
-
cervical spine fracture classification systems
- spinal fractures by region
- cervical spine fractures
- thoracic spine fractures
- lumbar spine fractures
- sacral fractures
- spinal fracture types
- classification (AO Spine classification systems)
- rib fractures
- sternal fractures
-
upper limb fractures
- classification
- Rockwood classification (acromioclavicular joint injury)
- Neer classification (proximal humeral fracture)
- AO classification (proximal humeral fracture)
- Milch classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture)
- Weiss classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture)
- Bado classification of Monteggia fracture-dislocations (radius-ulna)
- Mason classification (radial head fracture)
- Frykman classification (distal radial fracture)
- Mayo classification (scaphoid fracture)
- Hintermann classification (gamekeeper's thumb)
- Eaton classification (volar plate avulsion injury)
- Keifhaber-Stern classification (volar plate avulsion injury)
- upper limb fractures by region
- shoulder
- clavicular fracture
-
scapular fracture
- acromion fracture
- coracoid process fracture
- glenoid fracture
- humeral head fracture
- proximal humeral fracture
- humeral neck fracture
- arm
- elbow
- forearm
- wrist
-
carpal bones
- scaphoid fracture
- lunate fracture
- capitate fracture
- triquetral fracture
- pisiform fracture
- hamate fracture
- trapezoid fracture
- trapezium fracture
- hand
- shoulder
- classification
- lower limb fractures
- classification by region
- pelvis
- hip
- Pipkin classification (femoral head fracture)
- Garden classification (hip fracture)
- American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification (periprosthetic hip fracture)
- Cooke and Newman classification (periprosthetic hip fracture)
- Johansson classification (periprosthetic hip fracture)
- Vancouver classification (periprosthetic hip fracture)
- femoral
- knee
- Schatzker classification (tibial plateau fracture)
- Meyers and McKeevers classification (anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture)
- tibia/fibula
- Watson-Jones classification (tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture)
- ankle
- foot
- Berndt and Harty classification (osteochondral lesions of the talus)
- Sanders CT classification (calcaneal fracture)
- Hawkins classification (talar neck fracture)
- Myerson classification (Lisfranc injury)
- Nunley-Vertullo classification (Lisfranc injury)
- lower limb fractures by region
- pelvic fracture
- sacral fracture
-
hip
- acetabular fracture
- femoral head fracture
-
femoral neck fracture
- subcapital fracture
- transcervical fracture
- basicervical fracture
-
trochanteric fracture
- pertrochanteric fracture
- intertrochanteric fracture
- subtrochanteric fracture
- thigh
- mid-shaft fracture
- bisphosphonate-related fracture
- knee
- avulsion fractures
- Segond fracture
- reverse Segond fracture
- anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture
- posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture
- arcuate complex avulsion fracture (arcuate sign)
- biceps femoris avulsion fracture
- iliotibial band avulsion fracture
- semimembranosus tendon avulsion fracture
- Stieda fracture (MCL avulsion fracture)
- patella fracture
- tibial plateau fracture
- avulsion fractures
- leg
- tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture
- tibial shaft fracture
- fibular shaft fracture
- Maisonneuve fracture
- ankle
- foot
- tarsal bones
- Chopart fracture
- calcaneal fracture
- talus fracture
- talar body fractures
- talar neck fracture
- talar head fracture
- navicular fracture
- medial cuneiform fracture
- intermediate cuneiform fracture
- lateral cuneiform fracture
- cuboid fracture
- metatarsal bones
- phalanges
- tarsal bones
- classification by region
- terminology
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.