Scandinavian Stroke Scale
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
At the time the article was created R Liong had no recorded disclosures.
View R Liong's current disclosuresAt the time the article was last revised Rohit Sharma had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.
View Rohit Sharma's current disclosures- Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS)
The Scandinavian Stroke Scale was designed for ease of use by non-neurologists 1. It is simpler than the NIHSS and has comparable performance in predicting death or dependence after stroke 2. The degree of neurological impairment measured by the Scandinavian Stroke Scale has been shown to correlate with ASPECTS score severity in acute stroke 3.
Classification
consciousness: 2 (reacts to verbal commands but not fully conscious) to 6 (fully conscious)
eye movements: 0 (conjugate eye deviation) to 4 (no gaze palsy)
arm motor power on affected side: 0 (paralysis) to 6 (raises arm with normal strength)
hand motor power on affected side: 0 (paralysis) to 6 (normal strength)
leg motor power on affected side: 0 (paralysis) to 6 (normal strength)
orientation: 0 (completely disoriented) to 6 (correct for time, place and person)
speech: 0 (only answers yes/no or less) to 10 (no aphasia)
facial palsy: 0 (present) to 2 (none)
gait: 0 (bedridden/wheelchair) to 12 (walks 5 m without aids)
Interpretation
Stroke severity has been graded using this scale as 4:
mild: 43-58
moderate: 26-42
severe: 0-25
References
- 1. Multicenter Trial of Hemodilution in Ischemic Stroke--Background and Study Protocol. Scandinavian Stroke Study Group. Stroke. 1985;16(5):885-90. doi:10.1161/01.str.16.5.885 - Pubmed
- 2. Askim T, Bernhardt J, Churilov L, Indredavik B. The Scandinavian Stroke Scale is Equally as Good as The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in Identifying 3-Month Outcome. J Rehabil Med. 2016;48(10):909-12. doi:10.2340/16501977-2155 - Pubmed
- 3. Luvizutto G, Gabriel M, Braga G et al. ASPECTS Correlates with Scandinavian Stroke Scale for Predicting Early Neurological Impairment. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2015;73(5):450-3. doi:10.1590/0004-282X20150037 - Pubmed
- 4. Govan L, Langhorne P, Weir C. Categorizing Stroke Prognosis Using Different Stroke Scales. Stroke. 2009;40(10):3396-9. doi:10.1161/strokeaha.109.557645 - Pubmed
Related articles: Stroke and intracranial haemorrhage
-
stroke and intracranial hemorrhage
- general articles
-
ischemic stroke
- general discussions
- scoring and classification systems
- Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS)
- ASCOD classification
- Canadian Neurological Scale
- Heidelberg bleeding classification
- NIH Stroke Scale
- Mathew stroke scale
- modified Rankin scale
- Orgogozo Stroke Scale
- Scandinavian Stroke Scale
- thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) scale
- TOAST classification
- collateral vessel scores
- signs
- by region
- hemispheric infarcts
- frontal lobe infarct
- parietal lobe infarct
- temporal lobe infarct
- occipital lobe infarct
- alexia without agraphia syndrome: PCA
- cortical blindness syndrome (Anton syndrome): top of basilar or bilateral PCA
- Balint syndrome: bilateral PCA
- lacunar infarct
-
thalamic infarct
- artery of Percheron infarct
- Déjerine-Roussy syndrome (thalamic pain syndrome): thalamoperforators of PCA
- top of the basilar syndrome
- striatocapsular infarct
- choroid plexus infarct
- cerebellar infarct
-
brainstem infarct
- midbrain infarct
- Benedikt syndrome: PCA
- Claude syndrome: PCA
- Nothnagel syndrome: PCA
- Weber syndrome: PCA
- Wernekink commissure syndrome
- pontine infarct
- Brissaud-Sicard syndrome
- facial colliculus syndrome
- Gasperini syndrome: basilar artery or AICA
- inferior medial pontine syndrome (Foville syndrome): basilar artery
- lateral pontine syndrome (Marie-Foix syndrome): basilar artery or AICA
- locked-in syndrome: basilar artery
- Millard-Gubler syndrome: basilar artery
- Raymond syndrome: basilar artery
- medullary infarct
- Babinski-Nageotte syndrome
- Cestan-Chenais syndrome
- hemimedullary syndrome (Reinhold syndrome)
- lateral medullary stroke syndrome (Wallenberg syndrome)
- medial medullary syndrome (Déjerine syndrome)
- Opalski syndrome
- midbrain infarct
- acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome
- hemispheric infarcts
- by vascular territory
- by vessel size
- treatment options
- complications
-
intracranial hemorrhage
-
intra-axial hemorrhage
- signs and formulas
- ABC/2 (volume estimation)
- black hole sign
- blend sign
- cashew nut sign
- CTA spot sign
- island sign
- satellite sign
- swirl sign
- zebra sign
- by type
- by location
- signs and formulas
- extra-axial hemorrhage
- extradural hemorrhage (EDH)
- intralaminar dural hemorrhage
- subdural hemorrhage (SDH)
-
subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
- types
- complications
- grading systems
- subpial hemorrhage
-
intra-axial hemorrhage
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.