Scandinavian Stroke Scale

Assoc Prof Craig Hacking ◉ ◈ and Dr R Liong et al.

The Scandinavian Stroke Scale was designed for ease of use by non-neurologists¹. It is simpler than the NIHSS and has comparable performance in predicting death or dependence after stroke ². The degree of neurological impairment measured by the Scandinavian Stroke Scale has been shown to correlate with ASPECTS score severity in acute stroke ³.

Classification

consciousness: 2 (reacts to verbal commands but not fully conscious) to 6 (fully conscious)
eye movements: 0 (conjugate eye deviation) to 4 (no gaze palsy)
arm motor power on affected side: 0 (paralysis) to 6 (raises arm with normal strength)
hand motor power on affected side: 0 (paralysis) to 6 (normal strength)
leg motor power on affected side: 0 (paralysis) to 6 (normal strength)
orientation: 0 (completely disoriented) to 6 (correct for time, place and person)
speech: 0 (only answers yes/no or less) to 10 (no aphasia)
facial palsy: 0 (present) to 2 (none)
gait: 0 (bedridden/wheelchair) to 12 (walks 5 m without aids)

Interpretation

Stroke severity has been graded using this scale as ⁴:

mild: 43-58
moderate: 26-42
severe: 0-25

References

Stroke and intracranial haemorrhage

stroke and intracranial hemorrhage
- code stroke CT (an approach)
- ischemic stroke
  - general discussions
  - scoring and classification systems
  - signs
  - by region
    - hemispheric infarcts
      - frontal lobe infarct
      - parietal lobe infarct
        Gerstmann syndrome
      - temporal lobe infarct
      - occipital lobe infarct
        
        alexia without agraphia syndrome: PCA
        
        cortical blindness syndrome (Anton syndrome): top of basilar or bilateral PCA
        
        Balint syndrome: bilateral PCA
    - lacunar infarct
      - lacunar stroke syndromes
      - lenticulostriate infarct
    - thalamic infarct
      - Déjerine-Roussy syndrome (thalamic pain syndrome): thalamoperforators of PCA
      - top of the basilar syndrome
    - striatocapsular infarct
    - cerebellar infarct
    - brainstem infarct
      - midbrain infarct
        
        Benedikt syndrome: PCA
        
        Claude syndrome: PCA
        
        Nothnagel syndrome: PCA
        
        Weber syndrome: PCA
      - pontine infarct
        
        Brissaud-Sicard syndrome
        
        facial colliculus syndrome
        
        Gasperini syndrome: basilar artery or AICA
        
        inferior medial pontine syndrome (Foville syndrome): basilar artery
        
        lateral pontine syndrome (Marie-Foix syndrome): basilar artery or AICA
        
        locked-in syndrome: basilar artery
        
        Millard-Gubler syndrome: basilar artery
        
        Raymond syndrome: basilar artery
      - medullary infarct
        
        Babinski-Nageotte syndrome
        
        hemimedullary syndrome (Reinhold syndrome)
        
        lateral medullary stroke syndrome (Wallenberg syndrome)
        
        medial medullary syndrome (Déjerine syndrome)
    - acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome
  - by vascular territory
    - anterior circulation infarction
    - posterior circulation infarction
  - treatment options
    - mechanical thrombectomy
  - complications
    - crossed cerebellar diaschisis
    - hemorrhagic transformation of an ischemic infarct
      - cerebral intraparenchymal hyperattenuations post thrombectomy
- intracranial hemorrhage
  - intra-axial hemorrhage
    - signs and formulas
      - ABC/2 (volume estimation)
      - CTA spot sign
      - swirl sign
    - by region or type
  - extra-axial hemorrhage

Article information

rID: 80707

System: Central Nervous System

Section: Classifications

Tag: infarction, cerebrovascular accident, stroke

Synonyms or Alternate Spellings:

Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS)

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