Scapula
Updates to Article Attributes
Body
was changed:
The scapula (plural: scapulae) is a roughly triangular shaped bone of the pectoral girdle with several articulations connecting connecting to the humerus andclavicle.
Gross anatomy
Osteology
The main part of the scapula, the body, consists of a somewhat triangular-shaped flat blade, with an inferiorly pointing apex, referred to as the inferior angle as as well as lateral and superior angles. The scapula is described as having superior, medial, and lateral borders.
Posteriorly, the scapula is divided into a supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa by the scapular spine. Anteriorly, on the costal surface, is the shallow subscapular fossa.
Laterally is the glenoid fossa, anteriorly is the coracoid process and superiorly is the acromion that is continuous with the scapular spine and arcs anteriorly over the humeral head. The suprascapular notch lies immediately medial to the base of the coracoid process. The spinoglenoid notch lies posteriorly behind the neck.
Articulations
- coracoid process: clavicle (forming the acromioclavicular joint)
- glenoid cavity: humeral head (forming the glenohumeral joint)
Attachments
Musculotendinous
- supraspinous fossa: supraspinatus muscle
- infraspinous fossa: infraspinatus muscle, teres minor muscle
- subscapular fossa: subscapularis muscle, serratus anterior
- acromion: acromial part ofdeltoid muscle, trapezius
- scapular spine: spinous part of deltoid muscle, trapezius
- coracoid process: coracobrachialis, pectoralis minor, short head of biceps muscle
- lateral border (margo lateralis): teres minor muscle, teres major muscle
- vertebral border (posterior): levator scapulae, rhomboid minor muscle, rhomboid major muscle
- inferior angle: teres major muscle, a small slip of latissimus dorsi
(small slip) - supraglenoid tubercle: long head of biceps muscle
- infraglenoid tubercle: long head of triceps muscle
Ligamentous
-
transverse scapular ligament: crosses
suprascapularsuprascapular notch, with the suprascapular nerve below (within the resulting foramen) and the suprascapular vessels above - coracoacromial ligament
- coracoclavicular ligament
- coracohumeral ligament
- glenohumeral ligaments: upper, middle, and lower bands
- acromioclavicular ligament (weak)
Blood supply
The scapula is a site of arterial anastomosis between many arteries. This aims to ensure an adequate an adequate supply of blood to the upper limb, but has added benefit of adequate supply to the bone itself.
- suprascapular artery
- dorsal scapular artery
- branches of subscapular artery (i.e. circumflex scapular artery)
Variant anatomy
Development
See"ossification centres of the pectoral girdle" for information on the scapular ossification centres.
Related pathology
Fun fact
There are 17 muscles that attach to the scapula (in alphabetic order):
-<p>The <strong>scapula</strong> (plural: <strong>scapulae</strong>) is a roughly triangular shaped bone of the pectoral girdle with several articulations connecting to the <a href="/articles/humerus">humerus</a> and <a href="/articles/clavicle">clavicle</a>. </p><h4>Gross anatomy</h4><h5>Osteology</h5><p>The main part of the scapula, the body, consists of a somewhat triangular-shaped flat blade, with an inferiorly pointing apex, referred to as the inferior angle as well as lateral and superior angles. The scapula is described as having superior, medial, and lateral borders. </p><p>Posteriorly, the scapula is divided into a supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa by the scapular spine. Anteriorly, on the costal surface, is the shallow subscapular fossa. </p><p>Laterally is the <a href="/articles/glenoid">glenoid fossa</a>, anteriorly is the <a href="/articles/coracoid-process">coracoid process</a> and superiorly is the acromion that is continuous with the scapular spine and arcs anteriorly over the humeral head. The suprascapular notch lies immediately medial to the base of the coracoid process. The spinoglenoid notch lies posteriorly behind the neck.</p><h5>Articulations</h5><ul>- +<p>The <strong>scapula</strong> (plural: <strong>scapulae</strong>) is a roughly triangular shaped bone of the pectoral girdle with several articulations connecting to the <a href="/articles/humerus">humerus</a> and <a href="/articles/clavicle">clavicle</a>. </p><h4>Gross anatomy</h4><h5>Osteology</h5><p>The main part of the scapula, the body, consists of a somewhat triangular-shaped flat blade, with an inferiorly pointing apex, referred to as the inferior angle as well as lateral and superior angles. The scapula is described as having superior, medial, and lateral borders. </p><p>Posteriorly, the scapula is divided into a supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa by the scapular spine. Anteriorly, on the costal surface, is the shallow subscapular fossa. </p><p>Laterally is the <a href="/articles/glenoid">glenoid fossa</a>, anteriorly is the <a href="/articles/coracoid-process">coracoid process</a> and superiorly is the acromion that is continuous with the scapular spine and arcs anteriorly over the humeral head. The suprascapular notch lies immediately medial to the base of the coracoid process. The spinoglenoid notch lies posteriorly behind the neck.</p><h5>Articulations</h5><ul>
-<li>infraspinous fossa: infraspinatus muscle, <a href="/articles/teres-minor-muscle">teres minor muscle</a>- +<li>infraspinous fossa: <a href="/articles/infraspinatus">infraspinatus muscle</a>, <a href="/articles/teres-minor-muscle">teres minor muscle</a>
- +</li>
- +<li>subscapular fossa: <a href="/articles/subscapularis-1">subscapularis muscle</a>, <a href="/articles/serratus-anterior">serratus anterior</a>
- +</li>
- +<li>acromion: acromial part of <a href="/articles/deltoid-muscle">deltoid muscle</a>, <a href="/articles/trapezius-muscle">trapezius</a>
-<li>subscapular fossa: <a href="/articles/subscapularis-1">subscapularis muscle</a>, serratus anterior</li>-<li>acromion: acromial part of <a href="/articles/deltoid-muscle">deltoid muscle</a>, trapezius</li>-<li>lateral border (margo lateralis): teres minor muscle, <a href="/articles/teres-major">teres major muscle</a>- +<li>coracoid process: <a href="/articles/coracobrachialis">coracobrachialis</a>, <a href="/articles/pectoralis-minor">pectoralis minor</a>, short head of <a href="/articles/biceps-brachii">biceps</a> muscle</li>
- +<li>lateral border (margo lateralis): <a href="/articles/teres-minor">teres minor muscle</a>, <a href="/articles/teres-major">teres major muscle</a>
- +</li>
- +<li>vertebral border (posterior): <a href="/articles/levator-scapulae">levator scapulae</a>, <a href="/articles/rhomboid-minor">rhomboid minor muscle</a>, <a href="/articles/rhomboid-major">rhomboid major muscle</a>
- +</li>
- +<li>inferior angle: teres major muscle, a small slip of <a href="/articles/latissimus-dorsi">latissimus dorsi</a>
-<li>vertebral border (posterior): levator scapulae, rhomboid minor muscle, rhomboid major muscle</li>-<li>inferior angle: teres major muscle, latissimus dorsi (small slip)</li>-<li>transverse scapular ligament: crosses suprascapular notch, with the suprascapular nerve below (within the resulting foramen) and the suprascapular vessels above</li>-<li>coracoacromial ligament</li>-<li>coracoclavicular ligament</li>-<li>coracohumeral ligament</li>-<li>glenohumeral ligaments: upper, middle, and lower bands</li>-<li>acromioclavicular ligament (weak)</li>-</ul><h4>Blood supply</h4><p>The scapula is a site of arterial anastomosis between many arteries. This aims to ensure an adequate supply of blood to the upper limb, but has added benefit of adequate supply to the bone itself.</p><ul>-<li>suprascapular artery</li>-<li>dorsal scapular artery</li>-<li>branches of subscapular artery (i.e. circumflex scapular artery)</li>-</ul><h4>Variant anatomy</h4><ul><li><a href="/articles/sprengel-deformity">Sprengel deformity</a></li></ul><h4>Development</h4><p>See "<a href="/articles/ossification-centres-of-the-pectoral-girdle">ossification centres of the pectoral girdle</a>" for information on the scapular ossification centres.</p><h4>Related pathology</h4><ul>- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/transverse-scapular-ligament">transverse scapular ligament</a>: crosses suprascapular notch, with the <a href="/articles/suprascapular-nerve">suprascapular nerve</a> below (within the resulting foramen) and the <a href="/articles/suprascapular-artery">suprascapular vessels</a> above</li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/coracoacromial-ligament">coracoacromial ligament</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/coracoclavicular-ligament">coracoclavicular ligament</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/coracohumeral-ligament">coracohumeral ligament</a></li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/glenohumeral-ligaments">glenohumeral ligaments</a>: upper, middle, and lower bands</li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/acromioclavicular-ligament">acromioclavicular ligament</a> (weak)</li>
- +</ul><h4>Blood supply</h4><p>The scapula is a site of arterial anastomosis between many arteries. This aims to ensure an adequate supply of blood to the upper limb, but has added benefit of adequate supply to the bone itself.</p><ul>
- +<li><a href="/articles/suprascapular-artery">suprascapular artery</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/dorsal-scapular-artery">dorsal scapular artery</a></li>
- +<li>branches of <a href="/articles/subscapular-artery">subscapular artery</a> (i.e. circumflex scapular artery)</li>
- +</ul><h4>Variant anatomy</h4><ul><li><a href="/articles/sprengel-deformity">Sprengel deformity</a></li></ul><h4>Development</h4><p>See "<a href="/articles/ossification-centres-of-the-pectoral-girdle">ossification centres of the pectoral girdle</a>" for information on the scapular ossification centres.</p><h4>Related pathology</h4><ul>
-</ul><h4>Fun fact</h4><p>There are 17 muscles that attach to the scapula:</p><ol>- +</ul><h4>Fun fact</h4><p>There are 17 muscles that attach to the scapula (in alphabetic order):</p><ol>
-<a title="biceps brachii" href="/articles/biceps-brachii">biceps brachii</a> (both heads)</li>-<li><a title="Coracobrachialis" href="/articles/coracobrachialis">coracobrachialis</a></li>-<li><a title="Deltoid muscle" href="/articles/deltoid-muscle">deltoid</a></li>-<li><a title="Infraspinatus muscle" href="/articles/infraspinatus">infraspinatus</a></li>-<li><a title="Latissimus dorsi" href="/articles/latissimus-dorsi">latissimus dorsi</a></li>-<li><a title="Levator scapulae muscle" href="/articles/levator-scapulae">levator scapulae</a></li>-<li><a title="omohyoid inferior belly" href="/articles/omohyoid-inferior-belly">omohyoid inferior belly</a></li>-<li><a title="Pectoralis minor muscle" href="/articles/pectoralis-minor">pectoralis minor</a></li>-<li><a title="rhomboid major" href="/articles/rhomboid-major">rhomboid major</a></li>-<li><a title="rhomboid minor" href="/articles/rhomboid-minor">rhomboid minor</a></li>-<li><a title="Serratus anterior muscle" href="/articles/serratus-anterior">serratus anterior</a></li>-<li><a title="Subscapularis" href="/articles/subscapularis-1">subscapularis</a></li>-<li><a title="Supraspinatus muscle" href="/articles/supraspinatus-muscle-and-tendon">supraspinatus</a></li>-<li><a title="Teres major" href="/articles/teres-major">teres major</a></li>-<li><a title="Teres minor" href="/articles/teres-minor">teres minor</a></li>-<li><a title="trapezius" href="/articles/trapezius">trapezius</a></li>- +<a href="/articles/biceps-brachii">biceps brachii</a> (both heads)</li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/coracobrachialis">coracobrachialis</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/deltoid-muscle">deltoid</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/infraspinatus">infraspinatus</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/latissimus-dorsi">latissimus dorsi</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/levator-scapulae">levator scapulae</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/omohyoid-muscle">omohyoid inferior belly</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/pectoralis-minor">pectoralis minor</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/rhomboid-major">rhomboid major</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/rhomboid-minor">rhomboid minor</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/serratus-anterior">serratus anterior</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/subscapularis-1">subscapularis</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/supraspinatus-muscle-and-tendon">supraspinatus</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/teres-major">teres major</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/teres-minor">teres minor</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/trapezius-muscle">trapezius</a></li>
-<a title="Triceps brachii" href="/articles/triceps-brachii">triceps brachii</a> (long head)</li>- +<a href="/articles/triceps-brachii">triceps brachii</a> (long head)</li>
References changed:
- 4. Moore KL, Agur AMR, Dalley AF. Clinically oriented anatomy. LWW. ISBN:1451119453. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1451119453">Read it at Google Books</a> - <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1451119453">Find it at Amazon</a><span class="auto"></span>
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