Mesiodens
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Holland M, Bell D, Luijkx T, et al. Mesiodens. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 02 Dec 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-16794
Permalink:
rID:
16794
Article created:
20 Feb 2012,
Mark Holland
Disclosures:
At the time the article was created Mark Holland had no recorded disclosures.
View Mark Holland's current disclosures
Last revised:
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Daniel J Bell had no recorded disclosures.
View Daniel J Bell's current disclosures
Revisions:
7 times, by
5 contributors -
see full revision history and disclosures
Systems:
Sections:
Synonyms:
- Mesiodentes
A mesiodens (plural: mesiodentes) is the most common supernumerary tooth and is located in the palatal midline between the two maxillary central incisors.
On this page:
Epidemiology
It is rare with an estimated prevalence of ~1% (range 0.09 to 2.2%) 3. There is an increased male predilection with a M:F ratio of ~2.5:1.
There is some geographical variation in prevalence ranging from 0.4% in Caucasians to 1.4% in Finnish and 2.2% in Hispanic ethnicities.
Associations
- it is often an isolated finding
- may be part of a syndrome:
Pathology
- occur as single (85% of cases), multiple, unilateral or bilateral
- more commonly seen in permanent dentition than primary dentition
Etiology
- possible causes include
- restricted increase in the activity of the dental lamina (hyperactivity theory)
- splitting of the tooth bud into two equal or unequal sections (dichotomy theory)
Genetics
An X-linked inheritance has been documented.
Radiographic features
- classified into eumorphic (similar to a normal-sized central incisor) and dysmorphic
- three common dysmorphic shapes
- conical or peg shaped (most common ~70%)
- tuberculate (more than one cusp or tubercle)
- supplemental (duplication of a normal tooth)
- 55% grow in the downward position (35% are inverted and 7% are horizontal)
- most remain impacted but 25% will erupt (usually eumorphic or conical shape)
Treatment and prognosis
- immediate extraction if there is a complication
- early extraction before root formation of the permanent incisors
- late extraction after root formation of the permanent incisors
Complications
- impaction or delayed eruption of adjacent incisors
- widening of the gap between the incisors (diastema)
- axial rotation or inclination of erupted permanent incisors
- abnormal curving of teeth (dilaceration)
- resorption of adjacent teeth
- development of dentigerous cysts (5%)
- eruption into the nasal cavity
References
- 1. Ersin NK, Candan U, Alpoz AR et-al. Mesiodens in primary, mixed and permanent dentitions: a clinical and radiographic study. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2004;28 (4): 295-8. - Pubmed citation
- 2. Kim SG, Lee SH. Mesiodens: a clinical and radiographic study. J Dent Child (Chic). 70 (1): 58-60. J Dent Child (Chic) (link) - Pubmed citation
- 3. Gündüz K, Celenk P, Zengin Z et-al. Mesiodens: a radiographic study in children. J Oral Sci. 2008;50 (3): 287-91. J Oral Sci (link) - Pubmed citation
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