Glutamine-Glutamate peak
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Gaillard F, Bell D, Sciacca F, et al. Glutamine-Glutamate peak. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 29 Mar 2025) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-27826
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rID:
27826
Article created:
Disclosures:
At the time the article was created Frank Gaillard had no recorded disclosures.
View Frank Gaillard's current disclosures
Last revised:
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Jeremy Jones had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.
View Jeremy Jones's current disclosures
Revisions:
6 times, by
6 contributors -
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Systems:
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Synonyms:
- Glutamine peak
- Glutamine-Glutamate (Glx) peak
- Glutamate peak
Glutamate-Glutamine (Glx) peak is one of the regions assessed on MR spectroscopy, and resonates between 2.2 and 2.4 ppm chemical shift. It overlaps with the GABA peak and cannot be routinely separated from each other. The concentration of these two brain metabolites increases in hepatic and hypoxic encephalopathy and in the very rare Reye syndrome 3-8.
References
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- 2. Débora Bertholdo, Arvemas Watcharakorn, Mauricio Castillo. Brain Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. AJNR. PDF
- 3. Takanashi J, Mizuguchi M, Terai M, Barkovich A. Disrupted Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle in Acute Encephalopathy with Biphasic Seizures and Late Reduced Diffusion. Neuroradiology. 2015;57(11):1163-8. doi:10.1007/s00234-015-1573-x - Pubmed
- 4. McPhail M & Taylor-Robinson S. The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy in Hepatic Encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis. 2010;25(1):65-72. doi:10.1007/s11011-010-9171-4 - Pubmed
- 5. Butterworth R. Hepatic Encephalopathy and Brain Edema in Acute Hepatic Failure: Does Glutamate Play a Role? Hepatology. 1997;25(4):1032-4. doi:10.1002/hep.510250440 - Pubmed
- 6. Kreis R, Pfenninger J, Herschkowitz N, Boesch C. In Vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in a Case of Reye's Syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 1995;21(3):266-9. doi:10.1007/BF01701487 - Pubmed
- 7. Vion-Dury J, Meyerhoff D, Cozzone P, Weiner M. What Might Be the Impact on Neurology of the Analysis of Brain Metabolism by in Vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy? J Neurol. 1994;241(6):354-71. doi:10.1007/BF02033352 - Pubmed
- 8. Ross B & Michaelis T. Clinical Applications of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Magn Reson Q. 1994;10(4):191-247. - Pubmed
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