Twelfth rib
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Palipana D, Hacking C, Kang O, et al. Twelfth rib. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 08 Mar 2025) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-44312
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rID:
44312
Article created:
17 Apr 2016,
Dinesh Palipana
Disclosures:
At the time the article was created Dinesh Palipana had no recorded disclosures.
View Dinesh Palipana's current disclosures
Last revised:
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Craig Hacking had no recorded disclosures.
View Craig Hacking's current disclosures
Revisions:
5 times, by
4 contributors -
see full revision history and disclosures
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Synonyms:
- 12th rib
The twelfth rib is an atypical rib. It is the shortest rib, and one of two floating ribs.
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Gross anatomy
Osteology
The 12th rib has a single facet on its head for articulation with the T12 vertebra. It has a short neck and no tubercle. It also lacks a costal groove and angle. internal surface of this word about slopes slightly upwards.
The pointed anterior end of the 12th rib is covered with costal cartilage. Its length is highly variable.
Attachments
- quadratus lumborum: anterior inferior surface on the medial half
- internal intercostal muscle: medially at or near the upper border of the anterior surface
- external intercostal muscle: the upper border of the external surface
- diaphragm: laterally at or near the upper border
- lumbocostal ligament: posteriorly, near the head, running to the first lumbar transverse process
- levator costae: external surface medially
- longissimus thoracis: external surface medially
- iliocostalis: external surface medially
- serratus posterior inferior: external surface laterally
- latissimus dorsi: external surface laterally
- external oblique: external surface laterally
Related pathology
- infection, e.g. septic arthritis, osteomyelitis
- malignancy, e.g. chondrosarcoma, enchondroma, metastases
- trauma, e.g. fracture
- fracture of the twelfth rib is rare
- may be associated with retroperitoneal hemorrhage, adrenal/splenic/renal trauma, and thoracolumbar vertebral injury
References
- 1. Gray's anatomy. Elsevier. ISBN:0808923714. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
- 2. Moore KL, Dalley AF. Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (1999) ISBN:0683061410. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
- 3. Last's Anatomy. Churchill Livingstone. ISBN:0702033944. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
- 4. Snell RS. Clinical Anatomy by Regions. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN:160913446X. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
- 5. Shweiki E, Klena J, Wood GC et-al. Assessing the true risk of abdominal solid organ injury in hospitalized rib fracture patients. J Trauma. 2001;50 (4): 684-8. Pubmed citation
- 6. Miller JA, Ghanekar D. Pneumothoraces secondary to blunt abdominal trauma: aids to plain film radiographic diagnosis and relationship to solid organ injury. Am Surg. 1996;62 (5): 416-20. Pubmed citation
- 7. Jabre A, Barest G, Sledge J et-al. Cord transection by guillotine effect of fractured ribs. J Trauma. 2001;50 (4): 733-4. Pubmed citation
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